Listed 17 sub titles with search on: History Official pages for wider area of: "MAKEDONIA CENTRAL Region GREECE" .
AGIOS GEORGIOS (Village) GIANNITSA
It's unspecified when the village was founded and what was its Greek
name. Turks called it "Dort Armout", that means Four Pear Trees, probably
because of the four very high trees that there were in the village. Its old position
was at the area known as "Voudolivado". On the road there was a well
known inn belonging to a Palmer from Kastoria,
where all the travelers were welcomed. Its ruins were saved until 1954, when they
were pulled down because of the land distribution. At the current position of
the church of Agios Dimitrios, used to be the lodging of the Albanian Bey and
around of it was built the village by residents of the neighboring settlements.
Because of the bey’s power, which excelled even the Turkish police, in the village
found shelter chased away Christians. Later on, thieves and hoodlums came and
they worked to bey's fields in return to their protection.
An English (1876) as well as a German traveler report the existence
of the village with the inn and the cemetery, which was the only one in the area.
The destruction of the cemetery in 1989 brought into sight a tombstone with the
date "1800" and Greek names. Old people also mention the existence of
three hills of 3 meters height, in 200 meter's distance one from the other. It
is believed that during the Byzantine Empire they were used for the transmission
of information with fire. Two of them are saved until today, of which the one
is destroyed.
200 meters from the village, there was the church of Agios Georgios,
surrounded by towering trees. During the Russian - Turkish war, Turkish reservists
of the neighboring towns, on their way to Andrianoupolis,
stayed in the village. Among the plunder they committed on their way, is also
the destruction of the church in 1877. At that time only a few families lived
in the village, because cholera had decimated the population. Founder of the village
is regarded to be Mr. Papantoniou from the village Notia
of Almopia, who in order to evade islamization went to Valtolivado together with
other Christians from Aridea
and later settled in Agios Georgios.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
AMFIPOLIS (Ancient city) SERRES
The Prehistoric period
The area of the estuary of the Strymon
River, with its natural wealth, offered favourable conditions of life and
establishment since prehistoric times. Findings from the settlement of the hill
133, form the cemetery of the settlement on the neighbouring Hill of Kasta and
other nearby sites, evidence the strong presence of man from the Middle Neolithic
period to the Early Iron Age (5000 BC-750 BC).
The Early historical times
From the middle of the 7th century BC, with the establishment of the
Greek cities by the estuary of the Stymon
River, begins the progressive penetration of the Greeks in Thrace,
as evidenced by the Attic and Corinthian vases found in tombs of the Archaic period.
The first signs of colonization in the area of Amphipolis (= Nine Roads) date
back to the first half of the 5th century BC.
The Classical and Hellenistic periods
The foundation of Amphipolis in 437 BC, under Pericles Age, represented
a great success for the Athenians who were trying for years, to gain a lodgement
in the wealthy inland. However, a few years later (422 BC), the city gains its
independence and it preserves it until it is integrated by Philip II 357 BC) in
the Kingdom of Macedonia.
Within the Macedonian Kingdom, Amphipolis continues its important trade and cultural
activities. Special importance was also granted to the sanctuaries. Its economy
was based on its agricultural population which cultivated the "fertile valley
of the Strymon". Among the inhabitants of the city, many were merchants,
artisans and slaves. The active commercial life of the city reflects in the rich
collection of coins as well as in the establishment of a royal mint during the
Macedonian period. The prosperity of the city is supported by the production of
local pottery, sculptures and small artifacts which echo the daily life of the
city. Very important inscriptions, including an "ephebic law" on a stele,
date from that period and furnishes precious information on the "education
of the youth".
The Roman period
After the conquest of Macedonia
by the Romans (168 BC), Amphipolis was made capital of the first administrative-economic
unit (merida) of Macedonia. The Roman period is for Amphipolis a period of prosperity
under Roman sovereignty. As a stop along the Via Engatia route and enjoying the
support of roman emperors, such as Augustus and Hadrian, the city prospers economically
as evidenced by the monuments with mosaic floors, the sculpture works, the pottery
and other findings brought to light by the excavations.
The Early Christian period
By the end of the Ancient age (4th century AD), the city expanse is
reduced. However, the transfer of the capital of the Roman state to Constantinople
and the consecration of Christianity as official religion, favours the dynamic
course of life of Amphipolis during the Early Christian centuries, as evidenced
by the Early Christian basilicas, the artistic mosaic and the remarkable architectural
adornment. The plague of the 6th century AD and the movements of Slav populations
afterwards, lead to a new shrinkage of Amphipolis which disintegrates as urban
centre.
The Byzantine period
After the 9th century AD, building activity shifts to the estuary
of the Strymon river where an important city-harbour develops, known as Chrysoupolis.
A small settlement, Marmarion, develops over the ruins of Amphipolis, on the north-west
fringes of the hills, to serve the needs of the travelers crossing the Strymon
River at "Marmario Ford".
The Post Byzantine period
The last reference to Marmario is made in 1547 AD by the traveler
P. Belon. Since the 18th century, a new village, the village of Neohorion is mentioned
to be located on the site of Marmario. In the beginning of the Ottoman period,
Chrysoupolis remained the basic urban and commercial centre of the area, later
on followed by the smaller in size ottoman fortress of Orfanio, 6 km to the east
and 3 km from the coast. The commercial and industrial activity continued in the
delta and the mouth of the Strymon
River throughout the Tourkokratia (Turkish dominion).
This text (extract) is cited August 2003 from the Prefecture
of Serres tourist pamphlet.
ARNEA (Town) HALKIDIKI
The only source we have got is that Arnea of the ancient times is
mentioned by Thucydides. He mentions that the general Vrassidas departed from
the town "Arne" leading his
troops from Akanthos to Amfipolis.
Based on mythology, "Ami" was the name of the daughter of Aeolus and mother of
Boetos, According to what Pafsanias says (IX, 40, 5), two towns took their name
from her; one in Thessaly and
the other in Boeotia, In
autumn 424 BC Vrassidas, the general of Sparta,
was activated in the area of today's Chalkidiki, trying to go into partnership
with the towns of the peninsula. Before the grape-harvest time Akanthos was besieged.
By using fine words and under the threat of damaging the grapes Vrassidas managed
to convince the people of Akanthos to give up their partnership with the Athenians
and go with the Spartans. A few days later, Stagiros,
which was situated not far from today's Olimbiada,
also went into partnership with them. In relation to that, Thucydides's narration
continues with detailed descriptions of other war-like events, which took place
in the area of Boeotia. We
do not know what Vrassidas has done in the meantime but Thucydides refers to him
again by saying:
This is the only historical reference to the town of Arnea."Departing from Arni of Chalkidiki, Vrassidas walked with his troops against this town (meaning Amfipolis). In the afternoon, when they reached Aviona and Vormisko (a place not far from Stavros), where the lake Volvi flows into the sea, they had dinner and immediately continued with their route during the night. Because the weather was bad and it was sleeting, they were in a hurry. Vrassidas wanted not all the people of Amfipolis but those who had come in agreement with him to understand that he was coming".
Dimitrios Kyrou, loakeim Papagelou, ed.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from the Municipality of Arnea URL below.
DROSSERO (Village) GIANNITSA
The village of Drosero was founded in the early 19th century under
the name "Ashar Bey" that means "The gallows of the Bey".
It owes, this unusual name, at the Bey that had his seat in the village and as
bloodthirsty he was, he had turned hangings and executions over into an everyday
routine. His lodging was at the eastern side of the village nearby the old church
of Agios Athanasios. Until 1913, when Macedonia was liberated, many Turkish families
lived in the village. At the point where the Primary School is built, used to
be a Turkish cemetery.
In 1922 sheltered permanently in the village refugees from the villages
Taifiri of Eastern Thrace and Iraklio of Nikomidia
in Asia Minor, while
in 1925 Vlachs came. It is said that the name "Drosero" (cool) was given
to the village when some passing by people who sat at the square of the village
to rest, extolled the fresh air blowing at the moment. The village used to be
the headquarters of the area in the early of the 20th century. Since 1912 have
been operating in Drosero, Police Station, Community Clinic and Primary School.
In 1940 came to the village the German occupation troops. After their
withdrawal in 1944, the civil war broke out, affecting dramatically Drosero's
fortune. In February 1946 the residents left the village and settled down in the
neighboring villages and Giannitsa.
In 3-7-1947 almost the whole village got burnt, except of about ten houses and
the church. The residents returned in 1950 and rebuilt the village from the beginning.
This text is cited June 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
GALATADES (Small town) GIANNITSA
The village of Galatades is one of the oldest in the area. This is
based on the old church of Agios Athanasios where there is an icon of Virgin's
Annunciation with the year 1806 written on it. The village is built in higher
elevation than the surrounding areas and it was protected from the water of the
bog which there was in its south side. That way, in 1979 when the area was flooded
by the water of the Moglenitsas river, the village of Galatades was like an island
in a lake.
The old name of Galatades was Kadinovo. This name comes from the Turkish
adjudicator (kadis in Turkish) who had his residence in the village. Kadinovo
became a community on 28-6-1918 with the headquarters in Kariotissa
and concluded the villages Mparinovo (Liparo),
Prisna (Krya Vrysi), Plougar (does not exist any more), Kariotissa and Losanovo
(Palefito). According
to the census of the year 1920 Kadinovo had 320 residents, who dealt with the
agriculture and stockbreeding.
During the Macedonian Struggle, the village fighters of the families
Stogiannidis and Harisiadis used to meet at Narisidis' house and under the leadership
of the chieftain Gonos Giotas, they planned their activities against Turks and
Bulgarians. Gonos Giotas' father came from Galatades and he had a hovel-base of
operations in the bog, at the point Prisna. During the liberation of the village
on 18-10-1918 Turks killed two Greek mounted soldiers. The residents buried them
in the village and set a hero's tomb for them.
In 1924 refugees came from the village Examili of the Kallipoli
peninsula of Eastern Thrace. The name of the village changed into Galatades (Milkmen)
because of the great milk production of that time. The vastly area of the bog
was ideal for the breeding of the 9.000 cows and even more sheep and goats that
the residents had. Galatades became a separate community on 25-8-1933 and it has
a steady increase of population. In 1928 it had 846 residents, in 1940 it had
1286, in 1961 it had 1684 and in 1991 it had 2039 residents. Today, it is the
biggest village of the municipality with about 2300 residents. In Galatades has
been functioned a school since the close of the 19th century. The residents report
that the first teacher was Christ Doumis. A clinic functioned in the village as
well, by the doctor Mr. Tselios from Thessaloniki.
After the exsiccation of the Giannitsa lake, in the mid '30s, the residents of
the Plougar village moved in Galatades and Krya Vrysi equally.
The history of Galatades changed dramatically the last 35 years. The
year 1970 is a milestone in village's evolution, because that year Philopimin
Gratsios brought to Galatades the cultivation of asparagus. The successful cultivation
and the higher quality of the local asparagus, made Galatades the "capital"
of the production and trade of the Greek asparagus. Finally, an other point of
report for Galatades, is the year 1998, when it was appointed to be the headquarters
of the newly established Municipality of Alexander the Great.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
GYPSOCHORI (Settlement) PELLA
The church of Agios Athanasios (1851) bears witness to the age of
Gypsohori. Unfortunately, there are no written records about its history. Nobody
knows precisely how Gypsohori named after. According to a version, this name is
ascribed to Bey’s daughter, Yupsan, who lived in the village. The whole settlement
was assigned by this name. Later, the village was named Yupsovo. At the point,
where the town square is situated nowadays, there was the Bey's lodgings. It was
a big, two-storey building that was pulled down in the mid years of 20th century.
It's said that there was a second lodging at the entrance of the village.
During the Macedonian Struggle, the residents had intensively participated
in the attempt for freedom of the area from Turkish and Bulgarian rule. In the
exceptional historical novel "In the secrets of the bog" by Penelope
Delta, many names of fighters from Gypsohori are reported. In 1928 refugees from
the Black Sea area moved to the village. The community of Gypsohori was constituted
in 1951 and it included the settlement of Trifili.
However, in 1977 the authorities were transported to Trifili and the new community
of Trifili was constituted, including the village of Gypsohori as a settlement.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
KARIOTISSA (Small town) GIANNITSA
The Old Kariotissa was situated at the shore of the lake of Giannitsa
5km southern from present place of the village. Kariotissa was the head of Kadinovo
community since 28-6-1918. There were 50 families at the village with the population
of 293 residents according to the census of 1920. The self-sufficiency was the
main characteristic of their lives. They were dealing with agriculture and stockbreeding.
There was plenty of hunting and timber in the bog, which were covering their needs.
Very impressive were three hills of 20m height in the village, which were used
by the Turkish people as observation posts and four "koules" (mansions)
which only one of them is still standing.
In July of 1924 they moved to the new location of the present village,
refugees from Neohori of Zerkos province in Eastern Thrace, according to the treaty
of Lausanne (1923) about the exchange of the populations between Greece and Turkey.
Their life in Neohori and the adventure of the refugees is described beautifully
in the book "1924-1999, 75 years of the community of New Kariotissa"
which was published by the Cultural Association of the village. The situations
the about 850 refugees faced in this boggy place were tragical. The release of
the place from malaria achieved by the drying of the lake in 1935, raised the
births and gave the opportunity to the people of the village to have new wealthy
land. After the German occupation, the modernization of Kariotissa was continues
and with 1798 residents in 1961, Kariotissa became the headquarters of the area,
with a Police Station, a Post Office and a Medical Centre.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below, which contains image
KILKIS (Prefecture) GREECE
The Kilkis Prefecture is located in central Makedonia, between the
Prefectures of Pella,
Thessaloniki and Serres.
A large part of Kilkis lies around the verdant valley of the Axios
river, the ancient Amfaxitida.
Its western and northern regions include the sublime and forested mountains of
Paiko and Belles,
while Kroussia on its
north eastern side, and the Doirani
lake in the north and west, constitute a natural border as well as a splendid
aquatic habitat with rare bird and plant species. The region throughout appears
to have been an area of human activity since the Copper and Iron Ages. Prehistoric
settlements and interspersed tombs have provided significant findings dating back
to the second millennium BC.
A significant area of the Prefecture is the ancient Crestonia
, located east of the Axios river, near the spring of todays Gallikos
river, the ancient Ehedoros, i.e. the river that brought giftsgold through
its sources.
On the west lies Peonia,
a site Homer referred to by naming Axios the earths widest and most beautiful
river.
At the end of the archaic era, the region of the Kilkis prefecture
came into the hands of the Macedonian state into the boundaries of the present
Hellenic state.
The regions development during those years passed through the great
Macedonian prosperity which hosted in its royal courts of the era renowned philosophers,
poets and artists. However, Kilkis region had the same fate of the remaining Macedonian
and in 148 BC it succumbed to roman sovereignty. After over 250 years of the so-called
Pax Romana, the region, along with all of Central Macedonian, was pillaged by
the Goths, Huns, Avars and Slavs, who settled in the Balkan region in the 6th,
7th centuries and beyond.
The French rule period constituted the continuation of the Byzantine
Empire, a part of which was the region of Kilkis.
In spite of the civil conflict, the rulers of Paleologos dynasty provided
the wider region with significant projects and a great degree of development.
With the conquest of Thessaloniki in 1430 AD by the Turks, the region throughout
falls under the Turkish yoke. As a matter of fact, from1699 and on, the Turkish
yoke. As a matter of fact, from 1699 and on, the Turks attempt to replace the
region's Greek residents with Turkish men and women.
Following the revolution of 1821, the region of Kilkis remained captive.
The Macedonian Struggle began later, followed by the two Balkan wars.
During the 1st Balkan War (1912-1913) vast regions of Macedonia are
freed from the Turkish rule, among them Thessaloniki
. The Second Balkan War that followed, included significant battles, which took
place in large part in the region of Kilkis and Lahanas. The war involved the
former allies Greeks and Serbs on one side, and the Bulgarians impassioned by
the Panslavic idea on the other.
This battle of Kilkis determined the consummation of the overall liberation
of today's Macedonia and Thrace.
The fury of Word War I (1914 -1918) followed. The wider region of
Kilkis became a scene of intense allies activity and battle as well. The victories
of the Greeks and their allies in Skra and Doirani have remained among the most
significant ones. The catastrophe of Asia
Minor which marked the history of Greece and the Lausanne Convention (1922),
which uprooted Hellenism from its homes Minor Asia, bore a definitive impact on
the population composition in the region of Kilkis.
The war of 1940 also determined the further course of Greece, a course
followed by Kilkis as well. Some of the Greek army's most significant battles
were fought in the region of Kilkis.
Today, the region is restructured economically and culturally, and
gladly embraces its visitor in its splendid areas, marked with natural beauty.
This text is cited January 2004 from the Prefecture of Kilkis URL below
LIPARO (Village) GIANNITSA
There is based information for the existence of the settlement of
Liparo in 1357 from the recording that took place in the years of the Byzantine
Empire by the name Liparino and 210 houses. The settlement was in the area "Beker",
where there is a tomb of the Macedonian years. In 1840 the near river Moglenitsas
overflowed causing great disaster and the drowning of babies. So, the settlement
was translocated in the present position of 10 metres elevation. At that time,
in the village there were 15 Greek and 500 Turkish families.
The name "Beker" is the Turkish name of the name Dimitrios.
The local tradition reports that Dimitrios was a Greek christian, servant of the
Turkish Bey. He was proposed to change his religion because he was said to perform
miracles and there was a fear for revolution of the christians. Dimitrios refused
and the Turkish killed him. They burried him in that area and untill today it
is believed that the soil of his grave helps people with dermatological diseases
etc.
The time of 1928-30 there were placed into the village refugees from
the Black Sea area and in 1935 Vlachs came from Aetomilitsa
of Epirus. Liparo, by the name Liparinovo or Barinovo and 154 residents formed
the community of Kadinovo in 28-6-1918, with the villages of Prisna, Plougar,
Kariotissa,
Losanovo and Kadinovo. Later, it consisted a community with the villages of Dafni
and Agios Georgios,
untill 1967, when it became an independent community.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
OLYMPIADA (Village) HALKIDIKI
Οlympiada was founded in 1924, after by the refugees that came here from Saint
Kiriaki in Asia Minor
after their exil in 1922. According to historians, this region is the most important
in Halkidiki because here ancient
Stagira once stood. Ancient Stagira is found East of Olympiada at a distance
of 700 metres, in an area called Liotopi. That is where, in 1990, the important
archaeological excavations took place. By King Kassandros command, Olympiada,
mother of Alexander the Great, was exiled from ancient Stagira and sent to the
island of Kapros (Boar)
which is found opposite current Olympiada. The island of Kapros is also reported
by the ancient geographer Stravona. He also mentioned that the harbour of the
city carried the same name. During the Turkish domination the harbour of Olympiada
was used for the pressuring of timber. In this area, there were certain huts,
in which the refugees took shelter after their arrival.
This text is cited March 2004 from the Municipality of Stagira-Akanthos URL below
ORMYLIA (Small town) HALKIDIKI
Written testimonies are: in 875 ad from the Archbishop of Thessalonica,
Vasilios as "Sermylia Komi" in "Bio", which he has written in the beginning of
the 10th century ad for his master, Eythimios the Young, and in 1047 ad during
the demarcation of the fields that belonged to the abbey "Xavounion", that is
today's Ploygiros. In the
last document one can read that: "... it touches the borders of the castle Ermylia".
Since the beginning of the 13th century, the monasteries from the Holy
Mt Athos have a very dynamic presence in the area by establishing dependencies
in the fertile lowland and thus restricting the habitants of Ormylia in the higher
and more barren areas or by employing them. The raise of the number of the monastery
dependencies was boosted more in the next century mainly because of the raids
from the Serbs and the Turks forcing the habitants to sell their estates. In the
beginning of the 14th century one of the 6 commanding precincts of Chalkidiki
was called "Kapetanakion of Ermylia".
Ormylia was finally occupied by the Turks somewhere between 1416 and
1424. During the occupation the Ottoman Empire granted the Christians various
privileges in exchange with heavy taxation. The villages next to the monasteries,
were under the protection of the Holy Mt Athos. This meant that most of them,
including Ormylia, were left somewhat free of occupation and they were able to
develop very important trading activities. Ormylia even managed to become in the
19th century the most important silk industry centres.
In 1818, a very big church was built in the name of St George, a fact
that proves how well established was the economy of the village. In 1821, Ormylia
enters the Greek Revolution together with the rest of Chalkidiki and under the
commandment of Emmanouil Pappa. Unfortunately this attempt failed and the Turks
burned the whole peninsula of Chalkidiki.
During the revolution of 1854, Tsamis Karatasos - leader of the revolution
in the area - settled in Metoxi
and he gave one of the most crucial battles in the area of Psakoudia
of Ormylia. When he left, Metoxi was burned to the ground. Ormylia was liberated
from the Turks in October 1912, having been for almost 500 years under occupation.
In 1923 immigrants from the Asia Minor arrived to settle in the area.
They established the village of Vatopedi which was subsumed by the Municipality
of Ormylia in 1971. When the immigrants arrived, began the expropriation and
distribution of the estates that belonged to the monasteries. Those were given
to the immigrants as well as to the local farmers.
In 1941 - 1944, during the German occupation, the habitants took active
part in the National opposition, organizing among other things a network to collect
British officers and soldiers and help them escape to the Middle East.
This text is cited Oct 2003 from the Municipality of Ormylia URL below.
PALEFYTO (Small town) GIANNITSA
At a short distance from the current position of the village there
was the Bey's lodgings and all around it there were the shacks of the Turkish,
who were in his hire. Until 1920 Lozanovo, such as Palefyto was named, belonged
to the community of Kadinovo and it had 202 residents, mostly shepherds. In 1922
refugees from Kydia of Prousa
(Asia Minor) came to the area, chased from the Turkish, after the disaster of
Smyrna.
Tradition wants the residents of Kydia and the other eight villages
that were beside the lake, to descend from captured families of Mani. The news
that they received in 1922 for the coming of the Turkish, lead them southwest,
to the ports of Smyrna. But, at their way, happend to meet a very beautiful woman
on a horse, who prevented them to continue and so they made for Panormos.
Some said that she was the daughter of pasha of the area, others said that she
was the Virgin Mary that saved them from certain slaughter. Recent researches
confirm the existence of the Sultana, who was christian because of her Serbian
lineage.
The exchange of the population between Greece and Turkey in 1924,
led to Palefito the residents of Petrohori, a village in the Chataltza area in
Eastern Thrace. In the beggining, the conditions were unbearable and the cohabitation
was difficult. However, their common aim for survival, set aside all the differences
and the devotion of all the residents to the cultivation of this fertile land,
improved Palefyto.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
PELLA (Ancient city) GIANNITSA
SERMYLI (Ancient city) HALKIDIKI
Is the most ancient settlement in Chalkidiki,
having a uninterruptedly presence in the area since the Neolithic era. Its ancient
name was Sermyli, then it was changed to Ermyli during the dark ages, only to
become Ormylia which lasts till today.
The first findings are dated in the Neolithic age (4000-2000 bc) and
were found at Toumpa of Prophet Ilias, on the hill of St George during the 2nd
millennium bc, in the square Toumpa near the end of 2000 bc and at Kastri of Vatopedi
around 1000 bc.
During the classic age, the historical testimonies mention 2 cities
in the area, both of them being colonies of the Chalkideous (they came in the
area during the 13th - 12th century bc) and members of the Athenian alliance during
the Persian Wars. The first one with the name Sermyli,
according to the ancient historian Herodotus, was very big and very important.
It was located next to the sea and near the debouchment of the river. It was controlling
the primary and shortest road from Kalamaria
to Sithonia. The oldest
testimonies on the history of Ormylia, are given through the silver coins that
were cut in the 6th sentury bc. Herodotus is also mentioning the city as one of
those that gave army to the Persian King Xerxis.
When the Persian Wars were over, the city entered the Athenian Alliance
and from the contribution they were paying (3-5 talanta) we can easily assume
that it was the most important city of Chalkidean people besides Toroni.
During the Peloponnisian War, the city suffered a lot for the Spartans
(Thoukididis history, A' 66) A few bronze coins that were cut after 404 or 379
bc, testify that the city was self-governed in that period. In the 384 bc it was
destroyed by Filippos and its habitants were scattered in the greater area, establishing
small settlements that were hardly surviving.
In the old Christian period (4th - 7th century ad), two settlements
have been located. One was northwest from where Vatopedi is located today, in
area "Gveli" and the other one is the castle in Kallipoli, which must have been
built around the 5th century ad on a steep hill next to the river. This testifies
that the habitants of the area were in grave danger from the various barbarian
raids.
This text is cited Oct 2003 from the Municipality of Ormylia URL below.
TORONI (Municipality) HALKIDIKI
The municipality draws its name from mythology; Toroni was the wife
of Proteus, son of Poseidon God of the sea. Ancient Toroni was founded by the
Chalkidians who colonized it in the 8th century BC. By the fifth century BC Toroni
was one of the most important cities in Chalkidiki. It minted its own coinage
and was a member of the Athenian alliance. On the Acropolis of Likithos
towering over the harbor of Porto
Koufo once stood a temple dedicated to Pallas Athina. During the Peloponnesian
war it fell victim to both the Athenians and the Spartans. The historian Thucydides
recounts that in 423 BC it was occupied by Vrasidas the Spartans. In 348 EC the
town became absorbed into the kingdom of Philip of Macedon, in 168 BC it was again
conquered, this time by the Romans, and the town went into decline. During the
Byzantine era it became a dependency of mount
Athos. The mighty walls and other buildings were plundered by the Turks in
the 19th century pomegranate they once contained was used to pave the streets
of Thessalonica and Istanbul.
Sikia was one of the largest and most active villages of Halkidiki and took part
in the revolts against Turkish rule in 1821 and 1854. During the Byzantine era,
the village was referred to, as Logos and was the headquarters for the military
guardians of Athos. In 1821 the people of Sikia, always unsubdued, and with a
strong naval tradition, often manifested as piracy, revolted under the leadership
of Stamos Hapsas, and started to advance of Thessaloniki. Near the monastery of
St Anastassia they met the Turkish forces in a terrible battle in which many of
them gave their lives for freedom. In 1854, Tsamis Karatassios started his revolution
from Sikia and according to village tradition he burned the church of Agios-Athanassios
together with the Turkish garrison who had refused to surrender.
This text is cited June 2005 from the Municipality of Toroni URL below
TRIFYLLI (Village) GIANNITSA
In the beggining of the last century Trifiltsovo, such as Trifili
was named, had a few houses and was surrounded by bogs. The areas of Tsaira and
Nisi, western of the village, constituted Roumani, a place of bushy sprouting
and many springs of water. The river Mpalitzas passes from the east side of the
village, where there was a bog with a great variety of fauna. After the drying
of the bog, the land was shared to the residents and until now consists the most
fertile area of the community. In 1922 refugees from the Black Sea area came to
the village and in 1924 more refugees came from Thrace.
The residents dealt with stockbreeding and the cultivation of trefoil,
sesame, corn, wheat, vine, mulberry and the production of cocoons of silk and
wine. The settlement belonged to the community of Drosero until 1951, when it
became a member of the community of Gypsohori. In 1977 was created the community
of Trifili with the settlement of Gypsohori. Since 1948, when Drosero was burned,
until 1955 the police station of Drosero functioned in Trifili. In 60's - 70's
there was a strenuous immigration of the residents to Germany, America and Australia.
This text is cited May 2005 from the Municipality of Megas Alexandros URL below
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