Listed 7 sub titles with search on: Various locations for destination: "IRAN Country PERSIAN GULF".
Ariana (he Ariane, Strab.; Ariana Regio and Ariana, Plin. vi. 23:
Eth. Arienoi, Dion. Perieg. 714 and 1097; Arianus, Plin. vi. 25, who distinguishes
between Arii and Ariani), a district of wide extent in Central Asia, comprehending
nearly the whole of ancient Persia; and bounded on the N. by the provinces of
Bactriana, Margiana, and Hyrcania, on the E. by the Indus, on the S. by the Indian
Ocean and the eastern portion of the Persian Gulf, and on the W. by Media and
the mountains S. of the Caspian Sea. Its exact limits are laid down with little
accuracy in ancient authors, and it seems to have been often confounded (as in
Plin. vi. 23, 25) with the small province of Aria. It comprehended the provinces
of Gedrosia, Drangiana, Arachosia, Paropamnisus mountains, Aria, Parthia, and
Carmania.
By Herodotus Ariana is not mentioned, nor is it included in the geographical
descriptions of Steph. B. and Ptolemy, or in the narrative of Arrian. It is fully
described by Strabo (xv. p. 696), and by Pliny, who states that it included the
Arii, with other tribes. The general idea which Strabo had of its extent and form
may be gathered from a comparison of the different passages in which he speaks
of it. On the E. and S. he agrees with himself. The E. boundary is the Indus,
the S. the Indian Ocean from the mouth of the Indus to the Persian Gulf. (Strab.
xv. p. 688.) The western limit is, in one place (Strab. xv. p. 723), an imaginary
line drawn from the Caspian Gates to Carmania; in another (Strab. xv. p. 723)
Eratosthenes is quoted as describing the W. boundary to be a line separating Parthyene
from Media, and Carmania from Paraetacene and Persia (that is comprehending the
whole of the modern Yezd and Kirman, but excluding Fars). The N. boundaries are
said to be the Paropamisan mountains, the continuation of which forms the N. boundary
of India. (Strab. xv. p. 689.) On the authority of Apollodorus the name is applied
to some parts of Persia and Media, and to the N. Bactrians and Sogdians (Strab.
xv. p. 723); and Bactriana is also specified as a principal part of Ariana. (Strab.
xv. p. 686.) The tribes by whom Ariana was inhabited (besides the Persians and
Bactrians, who are occasionally included), as enumerated by Strabo, are the Paropamisadae,
Arii, Drangae, Arachoti, and Gedrosii. Pliny (vi. 25) specifies the Arii, Dorisci,
Drangae, Evergetae, Zarangae, and Gedrusii, and some others, as the Methorici,
Augutturi, Urbi, the inhabitants of Daritis, the Pasires and Icthyophagi,- who
are probably referred to by Strabo (xv. p. 726), where he speaks of the Gedroseni,
and others along the coast towards the south. Pliny (vi. 23) says that some add
to India four Satrapies to the W. of that river, - the Gedrosii, Arachosii, Arii,
and Paropamisadae, as far as the river Cophes (the river of Kaibul). Pliny therefore
agrees on the whole with Strabo. Dionysius Periegetes (1097) agrees with Strabo
in extending the N. boundary of the Ariani to the Paropamisus, and (714) speaks
of them as inhabiting the shores of the Erythraean Sea. It is probable, from Strabo
(xv. p. 724), that that geographer was induced to include the E. Persians, Bactrians,
and Sogdians, with the people of Ariana below the mountains, because they were
for the most part of one speech. There can be no doubt the modern Iran represents
the ancient Ariana,- a word itself of native origin; a view which is borne out
by the traditions of the country preserved in the Mohammedan writers of the ninth
and tenth centuries,- according to whom, consistently with the notices in ancient
authors, the greater part of Ariana was Iran or Persia. (Firdusi, in the Shah
Namah; Mirkhond, Rozat-as-safa.)
The names Aria and Ariana, and many other ancient titles of which
Aria is a component element, are connected with the Hindu term Arya, excellent,
honourable. In Manu, Arya wartta is the holy land or abode, a country extending
from the eastern to the western sea, and bounded on the N. and S. by the Himala
and Vindhya Mountains. The native name of the Hindus was Aryans. The ancient Persian
name of the same district was, according to Anquetil Duperron, Aryanem Vaejo (Sansc.
Aryavarsha). Burnouf calls it Airyana or Airyadagya (Sansc. Arya-desa, and Arya-bhsumi,
the land of the Arians ); and the researches of De Sacy, St. Martin, Longperier,
and others, have discovered the word Iran on the coins of the Sassanian princes.
We may therefore conclude that Airya or Airyanca are old Persian words, and the
names of that region to which the Hindus extended the designation of Arya, which
the Sassanian coins denominate Iran, and which the Greeks of Alexander's time
understood. On the Persian cuneiform inscription the original word is Ariya. (Rawlinson,
As. Journ. xi. pt. 1.)
The towns, rivers, and mountains of Ariana are described under its
provinces. [Arachosia, Drangiana, &c.] (Wilson, Ariana, pp. 119-124; Burnouf,
Comma. sur le Yacna, Text. Zend. p. cxxxvi. and not. p. cv.; Pott, Etym. Forsch.
pp. lxx, lxxii.; Lassen, Ind. Alterth. vol. i. pt. 2; De Sacy, Antiq. de la Perse;
St. Martin, Hist. de l'Armen.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited October 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Arosis (Arosis, Arrian, Ind. 39), a river which flowed into the Persian Gulf, forming the boundary of Susiana and Persis. It is the same as the Oroatis (Opodans; in Zend. Aurwat, swift ) of Strabo (xv. pp. 727, 729), and of Ptolemy (vi. 4. § 1). Arrian and Strabo both state that it was the chief river in those parts. It answers to the Zarotis of Pliny (vi. 23. s. 26), ostio difficilis nisi peritis. It is now called the Tab. (Geogr. Nub. p. 123; Otter, vol. ii. p. 49.) Cellarius (iii. c. 9) has conjectured that the Arosis of Arrian, the Rogomanis of Ptolemy (vi. 4. § 2), and Amm. Marc. (xxiii. 6), and the Persian Araxes (Strab. xv. p. 729), are different names of one and the same river : but this does not seem to be the case.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited October 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Artaea (Artaia, Steph. B.: Eth. Artaioi), a district of Persia, where, according to Hellanicus (Hellan. Fragm. No. Ixiii. p. 97, Sturz), Perseus and Andromeda founded several cities (Steph.) It is probably connected with the Parthian Artacana of Ptolemy (vi. 5. § 4). Herodotus (vii. 61) states the native name of the Persians was Artaei ; Stephanus and Hesychius (s. v. Artas) say that it was a particular epithet given in the vernacular dialect to the heroes of ancient Persian romance (Rawlinson, Asiat. Journ. xi. pt. i. p. 35), no doubt nearly connected with the ancient name of the Medes, Arii, with the Zend Airya, and the Sanscrit Arthya (Pott, Forschung. &c. p. lxix.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited October 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Leanites Sinus (Leanites kolpos), a bay on the western side of the Persian Gulf, so named from the Arab tribe Leanitae (Leanitai, Ptol. vi. 7. § 18), They are placed north of Gerrah, between the Themi and the Abucaei. Pliny states that the name was variously written: Sinus intimus, in quo Laeanitae qui nomen ei dedere; regio eorum Agra, et in sinu Laeana, vel, at alii Aaelana; nam et ipsum sinum nostri Aelaniticum scripsere, alii Aeleniticum, Artemidorus Alaniticum, Juba Laeniticum (vi. 28). Agra, which Pliny represents as the capital, is doubtless the Adari civitas (Adarou polis) of Ptolemy, in the country of the Leanitae. Mr. Forster regards the name as an abbreviated form of Sinus Khaulanites or Bay of Khaulan, in which he discovers an idiomatic modification of the name Haulanites, the Arabic form for Havileans, - identical with the Beni Khaled, - the inhabitants of the Aval or Havilah of Scripture. (Geography of Arabia, vol. i. pp. 48, 52, 53, vol. ii. p. 215.) The gulf apparently extended from the Itamus Portus (Kedema) on the north, to the Chersonesi extrema (Ras-el-Char) on the south.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Medus (ho Medos, Strab. xv. p. 729), a river of ancient Persis, which, according to Strabo, after taking its source in Media, flowed into the Araxes, which waters the plain of Persepolis. Curtius, however, in speaking of these rivers, makes the Araxes, which was the greater stream, flow into the Medus, which was the less (v. 4. § 7). There can be no doubt, however, that Strabo is more correct than Curtius. The Medus is the small stream (now called the Pulwan) which flows past the remains of Pasargadae, Istakr, and Persepolis, and falls into the Araxes (Kur or Bend-amir) a few miles below the last ruins. The united stream of the two rivers terminates in lake Bakhtegan, about 40 miles from Persepolis. (Fergusson, Ninev. and Persep. p. 90.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Mardyene (Marduene, Ptol. vi. 4. § 3), a district of ancient Persis, which, according
to Ptolemy, extended to the sea-coast. The name is probably derived from some
of the far extended nomade tribes of the Mardi or Amardi. (Herod. i. 125; Strab.
xi. p. 524.)
Sitacus (Sitakos, Arrian, Ind. c. 38), a river of Persis, to which
Nearchus came in his celebrated coasting voyage. It is in all probability the
same as that called by Pliny Sitiogagus (vi. 23. s. 26); although his statement
that, from its mouth, an ascent could be made to Pasargada in 7 days, is manifestly
erroneous. There is no reason to doubt that it is at present represented by a
stream called Sita-Rhegian. (Vincent, Voy. of Nearchus, i. p. 385; D'Anville,
Aem. de l'Acad. xxx. p. 158; Ritter, Erdkunde, vii. p. 763.)
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