Listed 9 sub titles with search on: Various locations for destination: "VITHYNIA Ancient country TURKEY".
Artanes, also written Artannes and Artanos, a small river of Bithynia, placed by Arrian (p. 13) 150 stadia east of Cape Melaena, with a haven and temple of Venus at the mouth of the river.
Lillium or Lilleum (Lillin, Ligeon), a commercial place (emporium) on the coast
of Bithynia, 40 stadia to the east of Dia; but no particulars are known about
it. (Arrian, Peripl. p. 13; Anonym. Peripl. 3.) It is possible that the place
may have derived its name from the Lilaeus, which Pliny (H. N. v. 43) mentions
among the rivers of Bithynia.
Cales (Kales, Kalles), a river of Bithynia, 120 stadia east of Elaeus.
(Arrian, p. 14; and Marc. p. 70.) This seems to be the river which Thucydides
(iv. 75) calls Calex (Kalex), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which
were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river. Thucydides places the
Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales.
Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon. Pliny
(v. 32) mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may
be a corruption of Calex. There was on the river Cales also an emporium or trading
place called Cales.
Sunonensis Lacus a lake in Bithynia, between the Ascania Lacus and
the river Sangarius. (Amm. Marc. xxvi. S.) It is probably the same lake which
is mentioned by Evagrius (Hist. Eccl. ii. 14) under the name of Boane limne in
the neighbourhood of Nicomedeia, and which is at present known under the name
of Shabanja. It seems, also, to be the same lake from which the younger Pliny
(x. 50) proposed to cut a canal to the sea.
Calpe (Kalpe), a river of Bithynia, the Chalpas of Strabo (p. 543). It lies between the Psilis, from which it is 210 stadia distant, and the Sangarius. There was also a port called the port of Calpe. Xenophon (Anab. vi. 4), who passed through the place on his retreat with the Ten Thousand, describes it as about half way between Byzantium and Heracleia: it is a promontory, and the part which projects into the sea is an abrupt precipice. The neck which connects the promontory with the mainland is only 400 feet wide. The port is under the rock to the west, and has a beach; and close to the sea there is a source of fresh water. The place is minutely described by Xenophon, and is easily identified on the maps, in some of which the port is marked Kirpe Limaz. Apollonius (Ary. ii. 661) calls the river Calpe deep flowing.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Libyssa (Libussa or Libissa, Ptol. v. 1. § 13: Eth. Libussaios), a town on the north coast of the Sinus Atacenus in Bithynia, on the road from Nicaea to Chalcedon. It was celebrated in antiquity as the place containing the tomb of the great Hannibal. (Plut. Flam. 20; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. H.N. v. 43; Amm. Marc. xxii. 9 ; Eutrop. iv. 11 Itin. Ant. p. 139; Itin. Hier. p. 572.) In Pliny's time the town no longer existed, but the spot was noticed only because of the tumulus of Hannibal. According to Appian (Syr. 11), who evidently did not know the town of Libyssa, a river of Phrygia was called Libyssus, and he states that from it the surrounding country received the name of Libyssa. The slight resemblance between the name Libyssa and the modern Ghebse has led some geographers to regard the latter as the site of the ancient town; but Leake (Asia Minor, p. 9),. from an accurate: computation of distances, has shown that the modern Maldysem is much more likely to be the site of Libyssa.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Gallus (Gallos: Lefke), a small river of Bithynia, having its sources
near Modra in the north of Phrygia, and emptying itself into the Sangarius a little
more than 300 stadia from Nicomedeia, (Strab. xii. p. 543.) Ammianus Marcellinus
describes its course as very winding (xxvi. 8). Martianus Capella (6. § 687, ed.
Kopp) confounds this river with another of the same name in Galatia, which seems
likewise to have been a tributary of the Sangarius, and on the banks of which
Pessinus is said to have been situated. From the river Gallus in Galatia the Galli,
or priests of Cybele, were said by some to have derived their name, because its
water made those who drank of it mad. (Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. v. 42, vi. 1, xxxi.
5; Herodian, i. 11; Ov. Fast. iv. 364.)
Hypius (Hupios: Karasu), a river of Bithynia not far westward from
the Sangarius. The rive itself is very small; but at its mouth it is so broad
that the greater part of the fleet of Mithridates wa enabled to take up its winter
quarters in it. (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 795; Scylax, p. 34; Marcian. Heracl. p. 70;
Steph. B. s. v.; Arrian, Peripl. p. 13, who calls it Hyppius; Memnon, ap. Phot.
Cod. 44.) According to Scylax, this river formed the boundary between the territories
of the Bithyni and the Mariandyni.
Melaena (Melaina). A promontory of Bithynia, on the right hand on
sailing through the Bosporus into the Euxine, between the rivers Rheba and Artane.
(Apollon. Rhod. ii. 651; Orph. Argon. 716; Arrian, Peripl. p. 13; Marcian, p.
69.) In the anonymous Periplus of the Euxine (p. 2), it is called Kallinakron,
and Ptolemy (v. 1. § 5) calls it simply Bithunias akron. Its modern name is Tshili.
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