Listed 11 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "ADANA Town TURKEY" .
ADANA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Adana: Eth. Adaneus, a town of Cilicia, which keeps its ancient name, on
the west side of the Sarus, now the Syhoon or Syhan. It lay on the military road
from Tarsus to Issus, in a fertile country. There are the remains of a portico.
Pompey settled here some of the Cilician pirates whom he had compelled to submit.
(Appian, Mith. 96.) Dion Cassius (xlvii. 31) speaks of Tarsus and Adana being
always quarrelling.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
MOPSOUESTIA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Mopsuestia (Mopsou hestia or Mopsouestia: Eth. Mopseates), a considerable
town in the extreme east of Cilicia, on the river Pyramus, and on the road from
Tarsus to Issus. In the earlier writers the town is not mentioned, though it traced
its origin to the ancient soothsayer Mopsus; but Pliny (v. 22), who calls it Mopsos,
states that in his time it was a free town. (Comp. Strab. xiv. p. 676; Cic. ad
Farm. iii. 8; Steph. B. s. v.; Procop. de Aed. v. 5; Amm. Marc. xiv. 8; Phot.
Cod. 176; Ptol. v. 8. § 7; It. Ant. p. 705; Hierocl. p. 705; It. Hieros. p. 680,
where it is called Mansista.) A splendid bridge across the Pyramus was built at
Mopsuestia by the emperor Constantius. (Malala, Chron. xiii.) It was situated
only 12 miles from the coast, in a fertile plain, called Aleion pedion. (Arrian,
Anab. ii. 5; Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 872.) In the middle ages the name of the
place was corrupted into Mamista; its present name is Messis or Mensis. Ancient
remains are not mentioned, and travellers describe Mensis as a dirty and uninteresting
place. (Leake, Asia Minor, p. 217; Otter's Reisen, i. c. 8.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
(Mopsou hestia, also Mopsou polis and Mopsos). Now Messis; an important city of Cilicia Campestris, on both banks of the river Pyramus, twelve Roman miles from its mouth, on the road from Tarsus to Issus, in the beautiful plain called to Aleion pedion, was a civitas libera under the Romans. The two parts of the city were connected by a handsome bridge built by Constantius over the Pyramus. In ecclesiastical history, it is notable as the birthplace of Theodore of Mopsuestia. In the Middle Ages it was called Mampsista.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
MOPSOUESTIA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Total results on 23/5/2001: 9
ADANA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Adana. A diocese of Armenian rite in Asia Minor (Asiatic Turkey). This ancient
Phoenician colony "of willows" is situated about nineteen miles from the sea,
on the right bank of the Sarus, or Seyhoun, in the heart of Cilicia Campestris.
It was once a part of the kingdom of the Seleucidae, and after the passing of
Antiochus Epiphanes it took (171 n. C.) the name of Antioch of Sarus. Later it
received from Emperor Hadrian (117-138) the title of Hadriana and from Emperor
Maximianus that of Maximiana. It has some political importance as capital of thevilayet
or district. Adana appears in the fourth century as a see subject to the metropolitan
of Tarsus and the patriarch of Antioch. In the Middle Ages the Greek hierarchy
disappeared, and is now represented in Cilicia by only one prelate who styles
himself Metropolitan of Tarsus and Adana, and resides in the latter town. Most
of his diocesans are foreigners, and come from Cappadocia or the Archipelago.
They are much attached to Hellenism, and desire to be under the patriarchate of
Constantinople and not of Antioch. They even live in open strife with the latter,
since the election (1899) of an Arabic-speaking prelate. In medieval times Adana,
deprived of a Greek bishop, had an Armenian one, subject to the Catholics of Sis.
The first of this line known to history is a certain Stephen, who distinguished
himself in 1307 and 1316. Under him a great national Armenian council (the last
of its kind), attended by the patriarch and the king, the clergy and the nobility,
was held at Adana (1316). Thirty years earlier, in 1286, another Armenian council
met for forty days in Adana for the purpose of electing the Catholics Constantine
and to dispose of several other questions. Today the Armenians of Adana are divided
into Gregorians, Catholics, and Protestants. For the Gregorians it is the centre
of one of the fourteen or fifteen districts governed by the Catholics of Sis;
he is represented in Adana by a bishop. For the Catholics there is an episcopal
see at Adana. As regards Protestants, Adana is a mission station of the Central
Turkey Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (about
1,000 members). The Reformed Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) holds it as a missionary
station attended from Tarsus. There are, moreover, at Adana some Maronite and
Syrian merchants and some Europeans employed in various capacities. The total
population amounts to about 45,000 inhabitants during the two or three months
when the decortication and the cleaning of cotton attract a great many workers.
During the rest of the year the population does not exceed 30,000 inhabitants,
viz.: 14,000 Mussulmans, 12,575 Armenians, 3,425 Greeks, and a few others. There
are in the town 18 mosques, 37 medresses, and 8 tekkes, 2 Armenian churches, 1
Latin church, 1 Greek church, and 1 Protestant church; 29 Turkish schools of which
28 are elementary schools and one is secondary, 2 Greek schools, 1 Armenian school,
1 Protestant school, and 2 French educational establishments one for boys directed
by the Jesuit Fathers, the other for girls, under the Sisters of St. Joseph of
Lyons. The latter includes a day-school and a boarding-school.
J. Pargoire, ed.
This text is cited June 2004 from The Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent online edition URL below.
ADANA (Ancient city) TURKEY
In the center of the alluvial plain at the main crossing of the river
Seyhan (Sarus), it is ca. 32 km E of Tarsus. Although the place was almost certainly
an important city in Pre-Hellenic times, and would have been the logical place
for Xenophon and the Ten Thousand to cross over the Sarus, Adana appears first
in literature only in the time of Alexander the Great and as Antiochea ad Sarum
when Cilicia was under the suzerainty of Antiochus Epiphanes in the 2d c. B.C.
After Pompey's victory at Korakesion, Adana was settled by "reformed"
ex-pirates who proved themselves such successful farmers that under the Roman
Empire the city was celebrating "holy ecumenical Dionysia" (Dionysos
Kallikarpos was much venerated in the cities of the fertile Cilician plain). With
its occupation by the Parthians in A.D. 260, Adana lost semiautonomous status,
but became a bishopric of Cilicia Prima with the emancipation of the church. Taken
by the Arabs in the 7th c., it was recaptured for Christendom by Nikephoros Phokas
in 964.
Of classical monuments in Adana only the great bridge over the Sarus,
restored by Justinian and recently widened by the Turkish authorities, remains
intact. On the citadel, and wherever foundations are prepared for new buildings,
architectural fragments and mosaic floors of the ancient city tend to be exposed.
Local brickwork is still Roman in type.
M. Gough, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
AVGOUSTA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Just over 16 km N of Adana in a loop of the river Seyhan (Sarus),
and at the W end of a narrow plain bounded N and S by low hills. With the Roman
urbanization of the E Cilician plain after the fall of the Tarcondimotid house
in A.D. 17, the city (named for Livia, the widow of Augustus) was founded in A.D.
20. Represented at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the city probably did not
long survive, as an important center, the Moslem invasion of Cilicia in the 7th
c.
The site, discovered by chance in 1955, was identified by ancient
literary references and from the presence there, and in the neighboring village
of Gube, of local semiautonomous coins of Augusta. In the same year (1955) Gube,
and with it the ruins of Augusta, disappeared below the waters of the Seyhan dam,
but not before the site had been partially surveyed and individual buildings planned.
Among these were the foundations of a triumphal arch, two colonnaded streets crossing
each other at right angles in the manner typical of town planning in Roman Cilicia,
a theater, a civic basilica, some shops, a bath building, and a dam on the river.
These structures were all of brick and mortar, and probably of 3d c. date.
M. Gough, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
MOPSOUESTIA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Some 19 km E of Adana and sited at a most important crossing of the
Ceyhan (Pyramos) where the foothills of the Jebel-i-Nur most nearly approach the
river. Two km NE it is dominated by the limestone outcrop crowned today by the
12th c. castle known as Yilan Kale, a fortress of the Little Armenian kingdom.
Its legendary founder Mopsos, whose wanderings in Cilicia and Syria
are an early feature of Greek mythology, appears in the literary sources and may
have been a historic figure. Mopsukrene, near the Cilician Gates, adds substance
to the legend. The city was in Persian hands until Alexander's time, and was later
renamed Seleucea on the Pyramos for Seleucus IV Epiphanes. It was issuing semiautonomous
coinage by the 2d c. B.C., and in 67 B.C. adopted a new era to celebrate Pompey's
conquest of the Cilician pirates and their resettlement in such established cities
as Mopsuestia. It joined in the intercity rivalry of Roman Cilicia, styling itself
"free" and the center of "holy, ecumenical games," as well
as "Hadriane" in honor of the emperor. Captured by the Parthians in
260, it later became a Christian bishopric, the see of the famous Theodore, declared
a heretic after the Council of Chalcedon (451).
A magnificent Roman bridge, a theater, stadium, and colonnaded street
still exist, while W of the city mound is a huge basilican church with mosaics
(5th c?).
M. Gough, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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