Listed 20 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "KONYA Province TURKEY" .
FILOMILIO (Ancient city) TURKEY
Philomelium, Philomelum (Philomelion: Eth. Philomeleus, Philomeliensis),
a town in the south-eastern part of Phrygia, which perhaps derived its name from
the number of nightingales found in the district. It was situated in a plain not
far from the borders of Lycaonia, on the great road from Synnada to Iconium. (Cic.
ad Fam. iii. 8, xv. 4; Strab. xiv. p. 663, comp. with xii. p. 577; Ptol. v. 2.
§ 25; Steph. B. s. v.) Philomelium belonged to the conventus of Synnada (Plin.
v. 25), and is mentioned in later times as belonging to Pisidia (Hierocl. p. 672;
Ptol. l. c.), the Pisidians in their pronunciation changing its name into Philomede
or Philomene. (Procop. Hist. Arc. 18.) The town is often alluded to by the Byzantine
historians in the wars of the Greek emperors with the sultans of Iconium. (Anna
Comn. p. 473; Procop. l. c.; Nicet. Ann. p. 264.) Col. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 59)
believes that the place was situated near the modern Ilgun; but it is more probable
that we have to look for its site at Akshehr, where ruins and inscriptions attest
the existence of an ancient town. (Hamilton, Researches, i. p. 472, ii. p. 184;
Arundell, Discoveies, i. p. 282, foll.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
IKONION (Ancient city) TURKEY
Iconium (Ikonion: Eth. Ikonieus: Cogni, Kunjah, or Koniyeh), was regarded
in the time of Xenophon (Anab. i. 2. § 19) as the easternmost town of Phrygia,
while all later authorities describe it as the principal city of Lycaonia. (Cic.
ad Fam. iii. 6, 8, xv. 3.) Strabo (xii. p. 568) calls it a polichnion, whence
we must infer that it was then still a small place; but he adds that it was well
peopled, and was situated in a fertile district of Lycaonia. Pliny (v. 27), however,
and the Acts of the Apostles, describe it as a very populous city, inhabited by
Greeks and Jews. Hence it would appear that, within a short period, the place
had greatly risen in importance. In Pliny's time the territory of Iconium formed
a tetrarchy comprising 14 towns, of which Iconium was the capital. On coins belonging
to the reign of the emperor Gailienus, the town is called a Roman colony, which
was probably only an assumed title, as no author speaks of it as a colony. Under
the Byzantine emperors it was the metropolis of Lycaonia, and is frequently mentioned
(Hierocl. p. 675); but it was wrested from them first by the Saracens, and afterwards
by the Turks, who made it the capital of an empire, the sovereigns of which took
the title of Sultans of Iconium. Under the Turkish dominion, and during the period
of the Crusades, Iconium acquired its greatest celebrity. It is still a large
and populous town, and the residence of a pasha. The place contains some architectural
remains and inscriptions, but they appear almost all to belong to the Byzantine
period. (Comp. Amm. Marc. xiv. 2; Steph. B. s. v.; Ptol. v. 6. § 16; Leake, Asia
Minor, p. 48; Hamilton, Researches, vol. ii. p. 205, fol. ; Eckhel, vol. iii.
p. 31; Sestini, Geo. Num. p. 48.) The name Iconium led the ancients to derive
it from eikon, which gave rise to the fable that the city derived its name from
an image of Medusa, brought thither by Perseus (Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 856)
; hence Stephanus B. maintains that the name ought to be spelt Eikonion, a form
actually adopted by Eustathius and the Byzantine writers, and also found on some
coins.
This text is from: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. William Smith, LLD, William Wayte, G. E. Marindin). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ISSAVROS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Isaura (ta Isaura: Eth. Isaureus), the capital of Isauria, situated
in the south-west of the country; it was a wealthy, populous, and well-fortified
city at the foot of Mount Taurus. Of its earlier history nothing is known; but
we learn from Diodorus (xviii. 22) that when it was besieged by Perdiccas, and
the inhabitants were no longer able to hold out, they set fire to the city, and
destroyed themselves with all they possessed. Large quantities of molten gold
were found afterwards by the Macedonians among the ashes and ruins. The town was
rebuilt, but was destroyed a second time by the Roman, Servilius Isauricus, and
thenceforth it remained a heap of ruins. Strabo (xii p. 568) states that the place
was ceded by the Romans to Amyntas of Galatia, who built out of the ruins of the
ancient city a new one in the neighbourhood, which he surrounded with a wall;
but he did not live to complete the work. In the third century of our aera Isaura
was the residence of the rival emperor Trebellianus (Trebell. Poll. XXX. Tyran.
25); but in the time of Ammianus Marcellinus (xiv. 8) nearly all traces of its
former magnificence had vanished. At a later period it is still mentioned, under
the name Isauropolis, as a town in the province of Lycaonia. (Hierocl. p. 675;
Concil. Chalced. p. 673; comp. Strab. xiv. p. 665; Ptol. v. 4. § 12; Steph. B.
s. v.; Plin. v. 27.) Of Old Isaura no ruins appear to be found, though D'Anville
and others have identified it with the modern Bei Sheher; they also believe that
Seidi Sheher occupies the site of New Isaura, while some travellers regard Serki
Serai as the representative of New Isaura; but Hamilton (Researches, vol. ii.
pp. 330, foll.) has given good reasons for thinking that certain ruins, among
which are the remains of al triumphal arch of the emperor Hadrian and a gateway.on
a hill near the village of Olou Bounar mark the site of New Isaura. The walls
of the city can still be traced all around the place. The Isaurians were a people
of robbers, and the site of their city was particularly favourable to such a mode
of life.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
KYVISTRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cybistra (ta Kubistra: Eth. Kubistreus, coin). Strabo, after mentioning
Tyana, says that not far from it are Castabala and Cybistra, forts which are still
nearer to the mountain, by which he means Taurus. Cybistra and Castabala were
in that division of Cappadocia which was called Cilicia. Leake (Asia Minor, p.
62) says that Strabo places Cybistra 300 stadia from Mazaca: but the obscure text
seems to mean that it is 300 stadia from Tyana to Cybistra. Strabo makes it six
days' journey from Mazaca to the Pylae Ciliciae, through Tyana, which is about
half way; then he makes it 300 stadia, or about two days' journey, from Tyana
to Cybistra, which leaves about a day's journey from Cybistra to the Pylae; and
this is consistent with the passage already cited. Leake further observes, We
learn also from the Table that Cybistra was on the road from Tyana to Mazaca,
and sixty-four Roman miles from the former. He thinks that these data are sufficient
to fix the site of Cybistra at Karahissar, where are considerable remains of an
ancient city. Karahissar is about 30 miles SSW. of Mazaca (Kaisariyeh). But Hamilton
(Researches, vol. ii. p. 293), who visited Karahissar, says that it contains no
vestiges of antiquity; and besides this, it is plain that, if Strabo's description
is right, Karahissar is a long way from Cybistra. Hamilton adds, in a note, that
it is stated on German authority that Cybistra is at a place called Pasmaktchi,
on the road from Caesareia to the Cilician pass; but no more precise indication
is given. Ptolemy (v. 7) places Cybistra in Cataonia, but he mentions Cyzistra
as one of the towns of the Cilicia of Cappadocia, and Mazaca as another. It appears,
then, that his Cyzistra corresponds to Strabo's Cybistra, which certainly is not
in Cataonia.
When M. Cicero was proconsul of Cilicia, he led his troops southwards
towards the Taurus through that part of Cappadocia which borders on Cilicia, and
he encamped on the verge of Cappadocia, not far from Taurus, at a town Cybistra,
in order to defend Cilicia, and at the same time hold Cappadocia (ad Fans. xv.
2, 4). Cicero stayed five days at Cybistra, and on hearing that the Parthians
were a long way off that entrance into Cappadocia, and were hanging on the borders
of Cilicia, he immediately marched into Cilicia through the Pylae of the Taurus,
and came to Tarsus (ad Att. v. 20). This is quite consistent with Strabo, and
shows that Leake has misplaced Cybistra. The exact site remains to be determined,
unless the German authority has indicated it.
Whether Cyzistra is really a different place from Cybistra, as some
geographers assume, may be doubted.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited September 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
LYSTRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Lystra (Lustra he, or ta), a town of Lycaonia or Isauria, which is
mentioned by Pliny (v. 42: Eth. Lystreni) and Ptolemy (v. 4. § 12), and repeatedly
in the New Testament History. (Acts, xiv. 8, 21; Timoth. iii. 11; comp. Hierocl.
p. 675.) A bishop of Lystra was present at the Council of Chalcedon. Leake (Asia
Minor, p. 102) is inclined to place the town at Khatoun Serai, about 30 miles
south of Iconium; but Hamilton (Researches, vol. ii. p. 313), with more appearance
of probability, identifies its site with the ruins of Kaadagh, which are generally
believed to be the remains of Derbe.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
FILOMILIO (Ancient city) TURKEY
or Philomelum (Philomelion, or in the Pisidian dialect Philomede.
A city of Phrygia Parorios, on the borders of Lycaonia and Pisidia, said to have
been named from the numbers of nightingales in its neighbourhood. It is mentioned
several times by Cicero. According to the division of the provinces under Constantine,
it belonged to Pisidia. It is still found mentioned at the time of the Crusades
by the name of Philomene.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
IKONION (Ancient city) TURKEY
(Ikonion). The modern Koniyeh; the capital of Lycaonia, in Asia Minor, and when visited by St. Paul a flourishing city. During the Middle Ages it was of great importance in the history of the Crusades.
KYVISTRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
(ta Kubistra). An ancient city of Asia Minor, lying at the foot of Mount Taurus, in the part of Cappadocia bordering on Cilicia.
LYSTRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
(he Lustra). A city of Lycaonia, on the confines of Isauria, celebrated as one chief scene of the preaching of Paul and Barnabas.
ISSAVROS (Ancient city) TURKEY
KYVISTRA (Ancient city) TURKEY
ISSAVROS (Ancient city) TURKEY
City of Isauria on a hill (Zengibar Kalesi) near Ulu Pinar, 10 km
E of Boskir (Silistat). It was the main fortress of Isauria when Perdiccas took
it in 322 B.C. (Diod. 18.22), was destroyed by Servilius Isauricus in 75 B.C.,
and later restored by Amyntas of Galatia who died when the wall was under construction
(Strab. 12.6.3; 14.3.3). It appears on Roman Imperial coinage as metropolis of
the Isaurians.
The wall around the hill is ca. 3.8 km long. Parts of it are well
preserved, including two well-fortified gates and 14 polygonal towers. The masonry
is pseudo-isodomic. The small acropolis is on a rise at the SE end of the city.
Inside the walls remains still standing include arches to Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius,
and Severus Alexander, a well-preserved church, and an octagonal chapel. Outside
the walls are some elaborate rock-cut graves and heroa, apparently of the 2d-3d
c. A.D.
T. S. Mackay, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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