Εμφανίζονται 2 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΜΠΑΓΙΟΝ Πόλη ΠΥΡΗΝΑΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΤΛΑΝΤΙΚΟΥ" .
ΜΠΑΓΙΟΝ (Πόλη) ΠΥΡΗΝΑΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΤΛΑΝΤΙΚΟΥ
Lapurdum or Laburdum (Bayonne) Pyrenees Atlantiques, France.
The origins of Lapurdum are still unknown. At the end of the 4th (?) or the beginning
of the 5th c. A.D. (?) the Notitia Dignitatum (occ. 42.18f) refers to Lapurdum
as the residence of the Tribunus cohortis Novempopulaniae. Sidonius Apollinaris
(Epist. 8.12.7) mentions it in the 5th c., and in 587 the site is designated as
a civitas in Gregory of Tours text of the Treaty of Andelot between Gontran and
Childebert II (Hist.Franc. 9.20).
The ancient site stood on a hill overlooking the confluence of the
Nive and the Adour and was ringed by a rampart probably erected during the 4th
c. (?). Originally the rampart, a few towers and some wall sections of which are
still standing, formed a more or less quadrangular polygon ca. 1120 m in perimeter.
It is a masonry wall ca. 3 m thick, with facings of cubes of stone intersected
by bands of stones cut to the size of bricks. This use of stone in place of the
brick is fairly rare in this type of construction. The other peculiarity of this
rampart is that apparently no earlier architectural fragments went into the building
of it, as is the case in most of the Gallic ramparts built in the Late Empire.
The wall is flanked at the corners and at irregular intervals on its perimeter
by half-projecting round towers; it seems to have had three main gates.
No remains of ancient houses have been revealed in recent excavations
inside the walls, and only a few potsherds have been found to indicate that the
site was first occupied no earlier than the 4th c. A.D. Although ancient coins
found here and there in the substratum may argue in favor of an earlier original
settlement, there is every reason to believe that this settlement was extremely
small. The absence of any reused fragments in the building of the wall is to some
extent evidence that Lapurdum, founded at a late period, was in the Late Empire
a fortress rather than a true city with a municipal and urban life.
J.L. Tobie, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Feb 2006 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
The Diocese of Bayonne comprises the Department of Basses-Pyrenees. Reorganized in 1802, it included, besides certain parishes of the Diocese of Dax and Tarbes, the Diocese of Oloron and Lescar. It was suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Toulouse from 1802 to 1822, thereafter to that of Auch.
Diocese of Bayonne
Local tradition maintains that St. Leo, the martyr, with whose memory is associated a miraculous fountain, was the first Bishop of Bayonne. No bishop is historically known prior to the sixth century, although some think that Bayonne, designated as civitas in the Treaty of Andelot (587), must have had a bishop at that time, whilst others couple the foundation of the See of Bayonne with the establishment of the Kingdom of Aquitaine (778). Until 1655, the Diocese of Bayonne included much Spanish territory, i.e. the four Archpresbyteries of Bastan, Lerin, Cinco Villas in Navarre, and Fontarabia in Guipuzcoa, a remnant of Charlemagne's conquests beyond the Pyrenees. Christopher de Beaumont, afterwards Archbishop of Paris, occupied the See of Bayonne from 1741 to 1745 and Astros occupied it from 1820 to 1830.
Sees of Lescar and Oloron
A local legend recorded in the great "Breviaire de Lescar" of 1541, and patterned after the Limousin legend of St. Martial, holds that St. Julian, sent from Bordeaux by St. Leontius, was the first Bishop of Lescar; but according to history, St. Galactorius, martyred perhaps by the Visigoths after their defeat at Vouille, and St. Gratus, both mentioned in the council of Agde (506), were respectively the first incumbents of the See of Lescar and the See of Oloron known to history. Until 1789 the Bishops of Lescar presided by right over the Assembly of the States of Bearn. Amongst those who occupied the See of Oloron was Roussel, the Dominican (1536-50), protege of Margaret of Navarre and a convert to Calvinism.
Sponde (Spondanus, 1568-1643), Bishop of Pamiers, who carried on the
work of Baronius; Duvergier de Hauranne (1581-1643), Abbe de St. Cyran, the second
founder of Jensenism, and Cardinal Lavigerie were born in territory now included
in the Diocese of Bayonne. Betharram is celebrated as a place of pilgrimage as
also are Notre Dame de Pietat, at Paradies, and Notre Dame de Sarrance, visited
by King Louis XI. In 1899 the following institutions were to be found in the diocese:
1 infant asylum, 38 infant schools, 2 orphanages where farming is taught, 10 girls'
orphanages, 5 gratuitous industrial schools, 2 houses of refuge for young girls,
2 patronages, 1 temporary home for servants, 4 hospitals or hospices, 1 insane
asylum, 6 homes for the aged, and 1 private hospital, all conducted by Sisters,
and 2 orphanages where farming is taught, conducted by Brothers, and 4 patronages
for young people conducted either by priests or brothers. At the close of 1905
the Diocese of Bayonne contained 426,347 inhabitants, 43 pastorates, 449 succursales
or mission churches, and 91 curacies.
In 1900 the following religious orders were represented in the diocese:
the Jesuits and Franciscans at Pau, and the Capuchins at Bayonne. Among the local
congregations are: the Auxiliary Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, devoted
to teaching and missionary work, founded at Betharram in 1841. They have missions
at Bethlehem, Buenos Ayres, and Montevideo. The Servants of Mary, who teach and
serve in hospitals; their mother-house is at Anglet. The Bernardines, with mother-house
also at Anglet, were founded in 1846; they keep perpetual silence and divide their
time between prayer and work of sewing and embroidery.
Georges Goyau, ed.
Transcribed by: Susan Birkenseer
This text is cited Feb 2006 from The Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent online edition URL below.
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