Εμφανίζονται 11 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΦΙΝΙΚΕ Πόλη ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ" .
ΑΡΥΚΑΝΔΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
Arycanda (Arukanda: Eth. Arukandeus), a city in Lycia (Steph. s. v.
Arukanda; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. Od. 7), on the river Arycandus, a branch of the
Limyrus (Plin. v. 27, 29). Its site has been ascertained by Fellows (Lycia, p.
221), who found near the river Arycandus, and 35 miles from the sea, the ruins
of Arycanda, which are identified by a Greek inscription. There are the remains
of a theatre, tombs, and some fine specimens of doorways. There are coins of Arycanda.
Fellows found one among the ruins, with the name of the city on it and the head
of the Emperor Gordian. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 187) speaks of a stream which joins
the set, close to the mouth of the Limyrus, as probably the Arycandus of Pliny.
In the map of Fellows, only the name Arycandus appears, and no Limyrus; but the
Limyrus is clearly laid down in the map in Spratt's Lycia as a small stream flowing
from Limyra, and joining near its mouth the larger river Orta Tchy, the Arycandus.
Compare the account of Arycanda in Fellows and in Spratt's Lycia (vol. i. p. 153).
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited July 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΛΙΜΥΡΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
Limyra (Limura or Limura), a town in the southern part of Lycia, on
the river Limyrus, twenty stadia above its mouth. (Strab. xiv. p. 666 ; comp.
Scyl. p. 39; Ptol. v. 3. § 6 ; Steph. B. s. v.) Velleius Paterculus (ii. 102)
states that Caius Caesar, the adopted son of Augustus, died at Limyra. It is often
mentioned by Roman writers, as Ovid (Met. ix. 646), Mela (i. 15), and continued
to exist down to a late period. (Basil. M. Epist. 218; Hierocl. p. 683.) Ruins
of Limyra were first discovered by Captain Beaufort above Cape Fineka; but it
was reserved for Sir Charles Fellows to explore and describe them more minutely.
In his first work (Journal of an Excursion in Asia Minor, p. 214) he only says:
two miles across the little valley, at the foot of the mountains, and up their
sides, lay the ruins of the ancient Limyra, its theatre, temples, and walls. But
in his later work (Account of Discoveries in Lycia, p. 205, foll.), he fully enters
into a description of the remains of the place, illustrated by fine engravings
and copies of some of the many inscriptions, both Greek and Lycian, in which the
place abounds. In describing the approach to the town, he says, that first he
found a fine stately sarcophagus, with a bilingual inscription. Hundreds of tombs
cut in the rocks, and quite excavating the long ribs of its protruding strata,
as they curved down the sides of the mountain, soon came in view...The inscriptions
were almost all Lycian,--some few Greek, but these were always inferior in execution,
some being merely scratched upon the surface; while the Lycian were cut deeply
in the stone, and many richly coloured,- the letters being alternately red and
blue, or in others green, yellow, or red. Some of these tombs contain beautiful
bas-reliefs, representing stories from Greek mythology. Beyond these tombs lies
the city, marked by many foundations, and by a long wall with towers. Further
on is a very pretty theatre, . . . the size of which bespeaks a small population.
The whole neighbourhood, however, is filled with tombs cut in the rocks. (Comp.
Leake, Asia Minor, p. 186.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
(ta Aimura). A city in the southeast of Lycia, on the river Limyrus.
ΑΡΝΕΑΙ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
About 25 km NW of Finike. Rarely mentioned in antiquity, the city
is abundantly identified by its inscriptions and by the evident survival of the
name. Its antiquity is proved by an inscription in the Lycian language, but it
was never important though in Byzantine times its bishop ranked ninth under the
metropolitan of Myra. Arneai was the head of a sympolity of towns, one of which
was named Coroae; the small site, with a Lycian inscription, near Cagman was no
doubt a member of this sympolity. The very rare coins of Arneai are, as usual
in Lycia, of Gordian III. The inscriptions reveal a close association with Myra,
whose territory was adjacent on the S.
The extant ruins are mostly Byzantine. The ring wall still stands
for most of its length, with towers and at least two gates, but the greater part
was repaired in mediaeval times. In the interior are two churches and some unrecognizable
remains of buildings; the public buildings mentioned in the inscriptions, notably
a gymnasium and a public guest house, are not now discernible. From earlier times
there survive a few tombs of Lycian type, some parts of the city wall, and numerous
inscriptions of the Roman period, mostly built into the late wall; one of them
is an ex-voto to a local deity, Tobaloas.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΑΡΥΚΑΝΔΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
Ruins of an ancient city near the village of Arif, midway on the Elmali-Finike
road. Its name seems to indicate Anatolian origin of the second millennium, and
documents from nearby Karatas-Semahulyuk support this conjecture. The name appears
in the inscriptions of the monument erected in Rhodiapolis to Opramoas, a wealthy
man from Lycia who provided many cities with financial help.
The city was built on terraces which still survive on sloping land
at the S foot of Akdag. The walls that surround the city to the E and W are well
preserved and characteristic of Hellenistic masonry. On the W side of the torrent
bed that divides the city N-S are the private and public buildings. The stadium,
probably Hellenistic with Roman additions, is on the highest level of the terraces.
The theater, which is well preserved, has a horseshoe-shaped orchestra, and the
cavea is built against the slope of the hill. The scaena, built separately, is
trapezoidal; it opens through three doors into the lowest part of the proscaena,
now completely ruined. The remains of a triglyph-metope decoration confirm its
origin in the 2d c. B.C. The necropolis is on the E side of the torrent bed.
In the necropolis there are more than a dozen tomb buildings, one
completely excavated. Usually each tomb rests on a podium, and the grave chamber
is generally vaulted. One tomb is in the shape of a temple in antis. The sarcophagi
appear to date to the end of the 2d c. A.D. or the beginning of the 3d to judge
from their inscriptions and architectural elements. The many rock-cut tombs, probably
built in the 4th c. B.C. and still in use in the Christian era, have nearly all
been robbed. To the S of the necropolis a great building stands intact to the
level of the second floor. It consists of three large rooms, and the water pipes
indicate a bath or gymnasium.
C. Bayburtluoglu, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΛΙΜΥΡΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
To the NE of Finike. It developed out of an old Lycian dynastic seat.
A fortress, in part well preserved, stands on a spur (318 m high) of the Tocak-Dagi
(1216 m high). Numismatic evidence shows that the citadel, with the epichoric-Lycian
name of Z[etilde]mu(ri), existed in the 5th c. B.C.
In the first half of the 4th c. the Lycian king Perikles, whose likeness
is known from coins, resided here. He had his tomb built in the middle of the
S wall of the lower citadel, which stands at 218 m on a terrace cut into the cliffs.
Inspiration for the heroon came from the Porch of the Maidens of the Erechtheion,
which stands over the grave of the attic king Kekrops in Athens, and the Nereid
monument in Xanthos. The foundations included a burial chamber; above them rose
a structure with the form of an Ionic temple of amphiprostyle design. Instead
of columns there are caryatids, two of which have been re-erected and are now
to be seen inside a protecting repository on the N side of the terrace. There
also are blocks from a frieze which decorated the walls of the cella. It shows
King Perikles setting out in his war chariot followed by a mounted guard and foot
soldiers.
The gables were decorated with figurative acroteria. Only the theme
of the N acroterion (Perseus and Medusa) can be reconstructed. All the fragments
of the acroteria are now in the archaeological museum of Antalya.
The economic basis of the city was in the rich alluvial land stretching
between the Kara-Cay and Alakir-Cay. The modern Finike developed from the old
port for Limyra.
The wealth and power of the Lycian king Perikles are documented in
the four large necropoleis. Ten tombs decorated with reliefs have been found to
date. A third of all epichoric-Lycian funerary inscriptions are to be found in
this city, the farthest E of the area occupied by Lycian culture. In necropolis
IV an inscription has been found in Aramaic, the chancellery script of the Persian
empire. To the E of the theater, some 20 m to the other side of the road, stands
the tomb of Xntabura, which was built ca. 350 B.C. Three sides of the hyposorion,
which takes the form of a Lycian tomb-niche with a flat roof, are decorated with
reliefs. On the W side, the deceased stands before the judges of the other world;
on the S side, a priest sacrifices a bull. The badly damaged relief of the N side
shows a trip by chariot. The sarcophagus is decorated with an Ionic Cyma. On the
gables crouch eagles guarding the tomb. Sphinxes with wings, and a statuette of
a horseman, once stood on the roof of the tomb. The gable of another sarcophagus,
decorated with reliefs of gorgons, hunting scenes, and a bull sacrifice, and dating
from the same period, is to be found in the museum of Antalya.
It is in necropolis II to the W of the pyramidal mountain of the citadel
that the greatest number of cliff tombs decorated with reliefs are to be found.
Most noteworthy is the tomb of Tebursseli, running around the top of which is
a relief showing battle scenes which are explained by accompanying inscriptions
in Lycian. Tebursseli is shown fighting back to back with King Perikles against
Arttu[mtilde]para, a dynast who ruled in the Xanthos valley, and against Arttu[mtilde]para's
soldiers. A well-preserved relief showing a single combat decorates the cliff
tomb of the wet nurse of the later dynast Trbbenimi of Limyra. To the W of the
theater are numerous cliff terraces with houses, and cult-niches served for the
worship of the twelve Lycian gods.
In Hellenistic-Roman times the original peasant settlement at the
foot of the eminence on which the citadel stood began to take on the features
of a city. Numerous ruins have been found on either side of the river Limyros.
Recognizable are the E city gate and beneath a late Byzantine castle in the W
city, the stylobate of a temple.
Near the S wall of the W city is the core of a tower-like structure
which was a cenotaph for Gaius Caesar, adopted son of Augustus, who landed in
Finike on his way back to Rome from Syria and died in Limyra in A.D. 4.
Following an earthquake in A.D. 141 the theater was completely reconstructed
at considerable expense by the Lyciarch Opramoas. An impressive bridge 400 m long
led in Roman times across the Alakir-Cay to the E.
From the Byzantine period there remain of the diocesan city of Limyra
a ruined church in the lower citadel and the palace and church of the bishop inside
the E city.
J. Borchhardt, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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