Εμφανίζονται 5 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο για το τοπωνύμιο: "ΚΑΛΥΝΔΑ Αρχαία πόλη ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ".
City in Caria or Lycia, ca. 4 km E of Dalaman, 32 km NW of Fethiye.
Kalynda appears in the Athenian tribute lists with a tribute of one talent, and
is mentioned twice by Herodotos: from 1.172 it appears that it lay close to Kaunos,
and in 8.87-88 it supplies one ship to Xerxes' fleet. From the Zeno papyri it
appears that in the 3d c. it was in Ptolemaic hands, and it was still independent
about 200 B.C. when the Delphian theori paid it a visit. Before 164 B.C. it had
come under the control of Kaunos, from which it revolted in that year and was
given to Rhodes by the Roman Senate. The rare Kalyndian coins are of late Hellenistic
date; none seem to have been issued under the Empire, and it is probable that
by that time the city was incoporated in Kaunos. In the 1st c. A.D. it was attached
to the Lycian League, and in the 2d was among the beneficiaries of Opramoas of
Rhodiapolis; earlier it is reckoned a Carian city. It is listed by Pliny, Ptolemy,
and Stephanos, but does not appear in the Byzantine bishopric lists.
The site at Kozpinar agrees well with the ancient notices; in particular,
Strabo (651) places it 60 stades from the sea; the actual distance is 9.6 km.
The hill, of moderate height, is enclosed by a ring wall of rather rough polygonal
masonry, topped in places by a mediaeval wall. The style varies, but some parts
at least seem to date to the early Hellenistic period. At the N end is a tower
or small fort divided into two chambers; the masonry is good regular Hellenistic
ashlar, with a door on the N side. There are two or three other towers in the
wall circuit. No remains of public buildings are in evidence, but a great many
building blocks, cut and uncut, are strewn over the whole area, and house foundations
are discernible in many places. The absence of Roman remains is noticeable, and
agrees with the history of the place as it appears from other evidence.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
4 km E of Dalaman, 32 km NW of Fethiye
Calynda (Kalunda: Eth. Kalundeus), a town of Caria, according to Stephanus,
is placed by Strabo 60 stadia from the sea (p. 56), west of the Gulf of Glaucus,
and east of Caunus. The MSS. of Strabo appear to have Calymna, which, however,
is an error of the copyists. It appears, from a passage in Herodotus (i. 172),
that the territory of Caunus bordered on that of Calynda. Damasithymus (Herod.
viii. 87), king of Calynda, was at the battle of Salamis with some ships on the,
side of, Xerxes; from which we may conclude that Calynda was near the coast, or
had some sea-port. Calynda was afterwards, as it appears from Polybius (xxxi.
17), subject to Caunus; but having revolted from Caunus, it placed itself under
the protection of the Rhodians.
Fellows supposes Calynda to be under a range of mountains near the
sea, between two ridges of rocks; many large squared stones lie in heaps down
the slope facing the east, and the valley is guarded by walls of a very early
date, of Greek workmanship. He concludes, from the style of the tombs, that the
city was in Lycia. The place is near the gulf of Glaucus or Makri, and east of
the river Talaman-su. The remains which he saw are assigned to Daedala by Hoskyn.
(Spratt's Lycia, vol. i. p. 42.) But Fellows discovered a city which is proved
by inscriptions to be Cadyanda, a name otherwise unknown to us. It lies NNE. of
Makri, on the Gulf of Glaucus or Makri, at a place called Hoozoomlee, situated
on an elevated plain, immediately above which are the ruins of Cadyanda. There
are many rock tombs and sculptures, one of which is represented in the frontispiece
to Fellows' Lycia. The ruins of the city are seated on the level summit of a high
mountain; a, great street, bordered with temples and public buildings, runs down
the centre. (Spratt's Lycia.) Hoskyn, who discovered Caunus, looked in vain for
ruins between that place and Cadyanda. Accordingly, it is suggested that the mountains
of Hoozoomlee may be the Calyndian mountains. (Spratt's Lycia, vol. i. p. 43.)
But these Calyndian mountains are a modern invention, perhaps originating in a
misunderstanding of Herodotus (i. 132), who speaks of the Calyndian frontiers
(ouron ton Kalundikon). Between Hoozoomlee and Makri, a distance of about 9 miles,
there are no ruins; but in the centre of the plain of Makri there is a burial
ground, where some large inscribed blocks, apparently the remains of a building
which stood on the spot, have the name 'Cadyands' included in their inscriptions.
(Spratt's Lycia, vol. i. p. 44.) It is stated in another passage in this work
that the monumental inscription was found five or six miles south of Cadyanda.
The name Calynda occurs in Ptolemy (v. 3) as a Lycian city, and it
is the nearest Lycian city to Caunus in Caria. Pliny (v. 28) mentions Flumen Axon,
Oppidum Calynda. It is plain that Ptolemy's Calynda will not suit the position
of Cadyanda; nor can the position of Cadyanda be reconciled with Strabo's position
of Calynda. It is certain that Calynda is not Cadyanda. None of the inscriptions
of Cadyanda which are given by Fellows and in Spratt's Lycia are of an early period.
There is little or no doubt that Calynda is in the basin of the large river Talaman-Su,
which seems to be the Calbis of Strabo, and the same river that Pliny and Livy
call the Indus.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
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