Listed 100 (total found 236) sub titles with search on: Ancient literary sources for wider area of: "STEREA HELLAS Region GREECE" .
DRYMEA (Ancient city) LOKRIDA
Demosthenes, Speeches 11-20 [On the Embassy]
ECHINOUS (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
ELATIA (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
He (Philip) lost no time, collected his army, pretended to march to Cirrha, and then bade the Cirrhaeans and the Locrians alike good-bye and good luck, and seized Elatea.
THESPIES (Ancient city) VIOTIA
In order, then, that this unwillingness may not stand in the way of the weakening of Thebes, let us admit that Thespiae, Orchomenus and Plataea ought to be restored, and let us co-operate with their inhabitants and appeal to the other states, for it is a just and honorable policy not to allow ancient cities to be uprooted; but at the same time let us not abandon Megalopolis and Messene to their oppressors, nor allow the restoration of Plataea and Thespiae to blind us to the destruction of existing and established states.
Thirdly, men of Athens and when I have given just this one further instance, I will at once pass on to some topics that I have omitted—when we ambassadors returned from administering the oaths for the peace,at that time there were some who assured us that Thespiae and Plataea would be rebuilt, that Philip, if he gained the mastery, would protect the Phocians and break up Thebes into villages, and that you would retain Oropus and receive Euboea in exchange for Amphipolis
DELFI (Ancient sanctuary) FOKIDA
Then the king (Xerxes) passed through the territory of the Dorians,
doing it no harm since they were allies of the Persians. Here he left behind a
portion of his army and ordered it to proceed to Delphi, to burn the precinct
of Apollo and to carry off the votive offerings, while he advanced into Boeotia
with the rest of the barbarians and encamped there. The force that had been dispatched
to sack the oracle had proceeded as far as the shrine of Athena Pronaea, but at
that spot a great thunderstorm, accompanied by incessant lightning, suddenly burst
from the heavens, and more than that, the storm wrenched loose huge rocks and
hurled them into the host of the barbarians; the result was that large numbers
of the Persians were killed and the whole force, dismayed at the intervention
of the gods, fled from the region. So the oracle of Delphi, with the aid of some
divine Providence, escaped pillage. And the Delphians, desiring to leave to succeeding
generations a deathless memorial of the appearance of the gods among men, set
up beside the temple of Athena Pronaea a trophy on which they inscribed the following
elegiac lines:
This extract is from: Diodorus Siculus, Library (ed. C. H. Oldfather, 1989). Cited Oct 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
KIRRA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
After the people of Cirrha had been besieged for a long time because they had attempted to plunder the oracle (Delphi. About 590 B.C.), some of the Greeks returned to their native cities, but others of them inquired of the Pythian priestess and received the following response:
Ye shall not seize and lay in ruins the tower
Of yonder city, before the plashing wave
Of dark-eyed Amphitrite inundates
My sacred precinct, here on these holy cliffs.
KORSIA (Ancient city) ATALANTI
In Boeotia the Phocians, who held three strongly fortified cities, Orchomenus, Coroneia, and Corsiae, conducted from these their campaign against the Boeotians
KORSIES (Ancient city) THISVI
In Boeotia the Phocians held three strongly fortified cities, Orchomenus, Coroneia, and Corsiae
AKYFAS (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
The following took part in the war: from the Peloponnese, the Lacedaemonians provided sixteen ships; the Corinthians the same number as at Artemisium; the Sicyonians furnished fifteen ships, the Epidaurians ten, the Troezenians five, the Hermioneans three. All of these except the Hermioneans are Dorian and Macedonian and had last come from Erineus and Pindus and the Dryopian region. The Hermioneans are Dryopians, driven out of the country now called Doris by Herakles and the Malians.
This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
ARTEMISSION (Ancient city) ISTIEA
Artemisium is where the wide Thracian sea contracts until the passage between the island of Sciathus and the mainland of Magnesia is but narrow. This strait leads next to Artemisium, which is a beach on the coast of Euboea, on which stands a temple of Artemis. (Herod. 7,176,1)
DELFI (Ancient sanctuary) FOKIDA
...So with all speed the Greeks went their several ways to meet the
enemy (Xerxes, prior to the battle at Artemisium). In the meantime, the Delphians,
who were afraid for themselves and for Hellas, consulted the god. They were advised
to pray to the winds, for these would be potent allies for Hellas. When they had
received the oracle, the Delphians first sent word of it to those Greeks who desired
to be free; because of their dread of the barbarian, they were forever grateful.
Subsequently they erected an altar to the winds at Thyia, the present location
of the precinct of Thyia the daughter of Cephisus, and they offered sacrifices
to them. This, then, is the reason why the Delphians to this day offer the winds
sacrifice of propitiation...
Commentary:
Their voluntary consultation of the god, "on behalf of Hellas
and themselves"? was much to the credit of the Delphians; their craven fear
was fully shared by all the Hellenes "who had a mind to be free", at
least so the Delphians appear to have said.
Clemens Alex. Strom. 6. 753 professes to give the exact words of the
response... The winds would not do the army much harm; the oracle concerns the
fleet. In itself there is nothing very improbable in such a behest, though it
is not a very valiant or creditable one. But in view of the evidences regarding
the attitude and position of Delphi before and during the war, and in view of
the event, it seems more probable that we have here too an instance of the vaticinium
post eventum. Hdt. is sceptical about the powers of the Magi to lay the wind,
but he has apparently no misgivings as to the ability of the Greeks to raise it.
This service of the Delphians, in an hexameter, had been recorded
in poem, or epigram, before Hdt. came by it. The testimonial was composed, or
at least erected, by the Delphians, in their own honour: one way of writing history!
Hdt. is guileless in the matter.
That the Cult of the Winds at Thyia dated from, or after, the Persian
invasion is plainly asserted in this passage; but this new departure can hardly
have been the first institution of Windworship, but was rather an attempt to give
Pan-hellenic significance, or at least Delphic sanction, to much more ancient
practices. The sacrifice of the Magi to the Wind is connected indirectly with
Ionian, or rather Aiolian legend, and the Wmds of "the Thrakian sea",
Boreas and Zephyros, are Homeric personalities in the Iliad (9. 5, 23, 229 f.),
while in the Odyssey, if they are treated with less respect, yet Aiolos, their
keeper, is a decidedly supernatural person (Od. 10. 1 ff.). It is not, however,
in the Olympian direction that the origines of the cult is to be found: the winds,
anemoi, aellai, or thuellai, are primitively connected with the dead, the departed
"spirits", the chthonian cults. Thus even in the Patrokleia Achilles
invokes Boreas and Zephyros, (Il. 23. 195 f.), and in the legend of Menelaos preserved
by Hdt. 2. 119 the winds are propitiated by human sacrifice, and though the sacrifice
of Iphigeneia is not Homeric, and is, in its earliest litcrary form, a homage
not to the Winds, but to Artemis, yet the Vergilian formula (Sanguine placastis
ventos et virgine caesa, etc., Aen. 2. 116 ff.), probably comes nearer to the
primitive idea and cult. The intention of the Herodotean stories seems, at first
sight, not to go much beyond raising (or quelling) a storm, and so, indirectly,
causing a destruction of the enemy, or vice versa; but the terminology nevertheless
suggests a chthonian cult, and the notion that the Winds are summoned to dissipate
or carry to the underworld the ghosts of the combatants is not to be wholly rejected.
This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Oct 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
LYKORIA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
So this part of the barbarian army marched as I have said, and others
set forth with guides for the temple at Delphi, keeping Parnassus on their right.
These, too, laid waste to every part of Phocis which they occupied, burning the
towns of the Panopeans and Daulii and Aeolidae. The purpose of their parting from
the rest of the army and marching this way was that they might plunder the temple
at Delphi and lay its wealth before Xerxes, who (as I have been told) had better
knowledge of the most notable possessions in the temple than of what he had left
in his own palace, chiefly the offerings of Croesus son of Alyattes; so many had
always spoken of them.
When the Delphians learned all this, they were very much afraid, and
in their great fear they inquired of the oracle whether they should bury the sacred
treasure in the ground or take it away to another country. The god told them to
move nothing, saying that he was able to protect what belonged to him. Upon hearing
that, the Delphians took thought for themselves. They sent their children and
women overseas to Achaia. Most of the men went up to the peaks of Parnassus and
carried their goods into the Corycian cave, but some escaped
to Amphissa in Locris. In short, all the Delphians left the town save sixty men
and the prophet.
AVLIS (Ancient city) STEREA HELLAS
If ever you turn your misguided heart to trading and wish to escape from debt and joyless hunger, I will show you the measures of the loud roaring sea, though I have no skill in sea faring nor in ships;for never yet have I sailed by ship over the wide sea, but only to Euboea from Aulis where the Achaeans once stayed through much storm when they had gathered a great host from divine Hellas for Troy, the land of fair women.
KRISSA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
But when they were passed by all the coast of Peloponnesus, then, towards Crisa, that vast gulf began to heave in sight which through all its length cuts off the rich isle of Pelops. There came on them a strong, clear west-wind by ordinance of Zeus and blew from heaven vehemently, that with all speed [435] the ship might finish coursing over the briny water of the sea. So they began again to voyage back towards the dawn and the sun: and the lord Apollo, son of Zeus, led them on until they reached far-seen Crisa, land of vines, and into haven: there the sea-coursing ship grounded on the sands.
Commentary:
The harbour of Crisa was Cirrha, which may well have been in existence and have been known by that name to the hymnwriter, although he calls it simply the "harbour". Cirrha was destroyed with Crisa, after the First Sacred War, but (unlike Crisa) was subsequently rebuilt. For the two places, which were confused by later writers, see Frazer on Paus.x. 37. 6.
This extract is from: Homeric Hymns (ed. Hugh G. Evelyn-White, 1914). Cited Nov 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
ICHALIA (Ancient city) EVIA
After his labours Hercules went to Thebes and gave Megara to Iolaus, and, wishing himself to wed, he ascertained that Eurytus, prince of Oechalia, had proposed the hand of his daughter Iole as a prize to him who should vanquish himself and hissons in archery. So he came to Oechalia, and though he proved himself better than them at archery, yet he did not get the bride; for while Iphitus, the elder of Eurytus's sons, said that Iole should be given to Hercules, Eurytus and the others refused, and said they feared that, if he got children, he would again kill his offspring…
On his arrival at Trachis he mustered an army to attack Oechalia, wishing to punish Eurytus. Being joined by Arcadians, Melians from Trachis, and Epicnemidian Locrians, he slew Eurytus and his sons and took the city. After burying those of his own side who had fallen, to wit, Hippasus, son of Ceyx, and Argius and Melas, the sons of Licymnius, he pillaged the city and led Iole captive
Meanwhile we sing of how the son of Amphitryon, a bold-minded man, left Oechalia devoured by fire, and arrived at the headland with waves all around it; there he was going to sacrifice from his booty nine loud-bellowing bulls for Cenaean Zeus, lord of the wide-spread clouds, and two for the god who rouses the sea and subdues the earth, and a high-horned unyoked ox for the virgin Athena, whose eyes flash with might. Then a god, useless to fight against, wove for Deianeira, to her great sorrow
The account given by the Euboeans agrees with the statements of Creophylus in his Heraeleia; and Hecataeus of Miletus stated that Oechalia is in Scius, a part of the territory of Eretria.
Apollodorus was in want of perception; as also in his statement concerning Oechalia, because, although Oechalia is the name of not merely one city, he says that there is only one city of Eurytus the Oechalian, namely, the Thessalian Oechalia, in reference to which Homer says: "Those that held Oechalia, city of Eurytus the Oechalian". What Oechalia, pray, was it from which Thamyris had set out when, near Dorium, the Muses "met Thamyris the Thracian and put a stop to his singing"? For Homer adds: "as he was on his way from Oechalia, from Eurytus the Oechalian." For if it was the Thessalian Oechalia, Demetrius of Scepsis is wrong again when he says that it was a certain Arcadian Oechalia, which is now called Andania; but if Demetrius is right, Arcadian Oechalia was also called "city of Eurytus," and therefore there was not merely one Oechalia; but Apollodorus says that there was one only.
All victorious returning from Oechalia, he prepared to offer sacrifice, when at Cenaeum, upon an altar he had built to Jupiter, but tattling Rumor, swollen out of truth from small beginning to a wicked lie,
declared brave Hercules, Amphitryon's son, was burning for the love of Iole. And Deianira--his fond wife—convinced herself, the wicked rumor must be true.
There is also a village Oechalia in the Eretrian territory, the remains of the city which was destroyed by Heracles; it bears the same name as the Trachinian Oechalia and that near Tricce, and the Arcadian Oechalia, which the people of later times called Andania, and that in Aetolia in the neighborhood of the Eurytanians.
LYKORIA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
A fruitful land and fair but now submerged beneath a wilderness of
rising waves, 'Twixt Oeta and Aonia, Phocis lies, where through the clouds Parnassus'
summits twain point upward to the stars, unmeasured height, save which the rolling
billows covered all: there in a small and fragile boat, arrived, Deucalion and
the consort of his couch, prepared to worship the Corycian Nymphs, the mountain
deities, and Themis kind, who in that age revealed in oracles the voice of fate.
As he no other lived so good and just, as she no other feared the Gods.
ALALKOMENES (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Alalcomenae is a small village, and it lies at the very foot of a mountain of
no great height. Its name, some say, is derived from Alalcomeneus, an aboriginal,
by whom Athena was brought up; others declare that Alalcomenia was one of the
daughters of Ogygus. At some distance from the village on the level ground has
been made a temple of Athena with an ancient image of ivory.
Sulla's treatment of the Athenians was savage and foreign to the Roman character,
but quite consistent with his treatment of Thebes and Orchomenus. But in Alalcomenae
he added yet another to his crimes by stealing the image of Athena itself. After
these mad outrages against the Greek cities and the gods of the Greeks he was
attacked by the most foul of diseases. He broke out into lice, and what was formerly
accounted his good fortune came to such an end. The sanctuary at Alalcomenae,
deprived of the goddess, was hereafter neglected.
In my time yet another incident added to the ruin of the temple. A large and strong
ivy-tree grew over it, loosening the stones from their joints and tearing them
apart. Here too there flows a river, a small torrent. They call it Triton, because
the story is that beside a river Triton Athena was reared, the implication being
that the Triton was this and not the river in Libya, which flows into the Libyan
sea out of lake Tritonis.(Paus. 9.33.5-7)
Not far from Alalcomenae is a grove of oaks. Here the trunks of the oaks are the
largest in Boeotia... (Paus. 9.3.4)
Before reaching Coroneia from Alalcomenae we come to the sanctuary of Itonian
Athena... (Paus. 9.34.1)
This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited April 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
AMFIKLIA (Ancient city) LOKRIDA
The road from Lilaea to Amphicleia is sixty stades. The name of this Amphicleia has been corrupted by the native inhabitants. Herodotus, following the most ancient account, called it Amphicaea; but the Amphictyons, when they published their decree for the destruction of the cities in Phocis, gave it the name of Amphicleia. The natives tell about it the following story. A certain chief, suspecting that enemies were plotting against his baby son, put the child in a vessel, and hid him in that part of the land where he knew there would be most security. Now a wolf attacked the child, but a serpent coiled itself round the vessel, and kept up a strict watch. When the child's father came, supposing that the serpent had purposed to attack the child, he threw his javelin, which killed the serpent and his son as well. But being informed by the shepherds that he had killed the benefactor and protector of his child, he made one common pyre for both the serpent and his son. Now they say that even to-day the place resembles a burning pyre, maintaining that after this serpent the city was called Ophiteia. They celebrate orgies, well worth seeing, in honor of Dionysus, but there is no entrance to the shrine, nor have they any image that can be seen. The people of Amphicleia say that this god is their prophet and their helper in disease. The diseases of the Amphicleans themselves and of their neighbors are cured by means of dreams. The oracles of the god are given by the priest, who utters them when under the divine inspiration. Fifteen stades away from Amphicleia is Tithronium
This extract is from: Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., Harvard University Press. Cited Aug 2002 from Perseus Project URL bellow, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks
ANTHIDON (Ancient city) CHALKIDA
Within Boeotia to the left of the Euripus is Mount Messapius, at the foot of which on the coast is the Boeotian city of Anthedon.
AVES (Ancient city) ATALANTI
In the tenth year(348 BC) after the seizure of the sanctuary, Philip put an end to the war, which was called both the Phocian War and the Sacred War, in the year when Theophilus was archon at Athens, which was the first of the hundred and eighth Olympiad at which Polycles of Cyrene was victorious in the foot-race. The cities of Phocis were captured and razed to the ground. The tale of them was Lilaea, Hyampolis, Anticyra, Parapotamii, Panopeus and Daulis. These cities were distinguished in days of old, especially because of the poetry of Homer.
The army of Xerxes, burning down certain of these, made them better known in Greece, namely Erochus, Charadra, Amphicleia, Neon, Tithronium and Drymaea. The rest of the Phocian cities, except Elateia, were not famous in former times, I mean Phocian Trachis, Phocian Medeon, Echedameia, Ambrossus, Ledon, Phlygonium and Stiris. On the occasion to which I have referred all the cities enumerated were razed to the ground and their people scattered in villages. The one exception to this treatment was Abae, whose citizens were free from impiety, and had had no share in the seizure of the sanctuary or in the war (Paus. 10.3 .1-2).
This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
CHARADRA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
Charadra is twenty stades distant (from Lilaea), situated on the top of a lofty crag. The inhabitants are badly off for water; their drinking water is the river Charadrus, and they have to go down about three stades to reach it. This river is a tributary of the Cephisus, and it seems to me that the town was named after the Charadrus. In the market-place at Charadra are altars of Heroes, as they are called, said by some to be the Dioscuri, by others to be local heroes (Paus. 10,33,1).
This extract is from: Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Harvard University Press
Cited Sept. 2002 from Perseus Project URL bellow, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
GREA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Name of woman and of Tanagra.The people of Tanagra say that their founder was Poemander, the son of Chaeresilaus, the son of Iasius, the son of Eleuther, who, they say, was the son of Apollo by Aethusa, the daughter of Poseidon. It is said that Poemander married Tanagra, a daughter of Aeolus. But in a poem of Corinna she is said to be a daughter of Asopus. There is a story that, as she reached extreme old age, her neighbors ceased to call her by this name, and gave the name of Graea (old woman), first to the woman herself, and in course of time to the city. The name, they say, persisted so long that even Homer says in the Catalogue. Later, however, it recovered its old name.Later, however, it recovered its old name.
LARYMNA (Ancient city) LOKRIDA
On crossing Mount Ptous you come to Larymna, a Boeotian city on the coast, said to have been named after Larymna, the daughter of Cynus.
PARAPOTAMII (Ancient city) CHERONIA
The land beside the Cephisus is distinctly the best in Phocis for planting, sowing and pasture. This part of the district, too, is the one most under cultivation, so that there is a saying that the verse, "And they who dwelt beside the divine river Cephisus", alludes, not to a city Parapotamii (Riverside ), but to the farmers beside the Cephisus. The saying, however, is at variance with the history of Herodotus as well as with the records of victories at the Pythian games. For the Pythian games were first held by the Amphictyons, and at this first meeting a Parapotamian of the name of Aechmeas won the prize in the boxing match for boys. Similarly Herodotus, enumerating the cities that King Xerxes burnt in Phocis, includes among them the city of Parapotamii. However, Parapotamii was not restored by the Athenians and Boeotians, but the inhabitants, being poverty stricken and few in number, were distributed among the other cities. I found no ruins of Parapotamii left, nor is the site of the city remembered.
This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
TANAGRA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
The people of Tanagra say that their founder was Poemander, the son of Chaeresilaus, the son of Iasius, the son of Eleuther, who, they say, was the son of Apollo by Aethusa, the daughter of Poseidon. It is said that Poemander married Tanagra, a daughter of Aeolus. But in a poem of Corinna she is said to be a daughter of Asopus. There is a story that, as she reached extreme old age, her neighbors ceased to call her by this name, and gave the name of Graea (old woman), first to the woman herself, and in course of time to the city. The name, they say, persisted so long that even Homer says in the Catalogue. Later, however, it recovered its old name.Later, however, it recovered its old name.
The first to occupy the land of Thebes are said to have been the Ectenes, whose king was Ogygus, an aboriginal. From his name is derived Ogygian, which is an epithet of Thebes used by most of the poets. The Ectenes perished, they say, by pestilence, and after them there settled in the land the Hyantes and the Aones, who I think were Boeotian tribes and not foreigners. [2] When the Phoenician army under Cadmus invaded the land these tribes were defeated; the Hyantes fled from the land when night came, but the Aones begged for mercy, and were allowed by Cadmus to remain and unite with the Phoenicians. The Aones still lived in village communities, but Cadmus built the city which even at the present day is called Cadmeia. Afterwards the city grew, and so the Cadmeia became the citadel of the lower city of Thebes. (Paus., 9.5.1)
...Amphion and Zethus gathered a force and came back to Thebes. Laius was secretly removed by such as were anxious that the race of Cadmus should not be forgotten by posterity, and Lycus was overcome in the fighting by the sons of Antiope. When they succeeded to the throne they added the lower city to the Cadmeia, giving it, because of their kinship to Thebe, the name of Thebes. ] What I have said is confirmed by what Homer says in the Odyssey: Who first laid the foundation of seven-gated Thebe, And built towers about it, for without towers they could not Dwell in wide-wayed Thebe, in spite of their strength. Homer, however, makes no mention in his poetry of Amphion's singing, and how he built the wall to the music of his harp. Amphion won fame for his music, learning from the Lydians themselves the Lydian mode, because of his relationship to Tantalus, and adding three strings to the four old ones. The writer of the poem on Europa says that Amphion was the first harpist, and that Hermes was his teacher. He also says that Amphion's songs drew even stones and beasts after him. Myro of Byzantium, a poetess who wrote epic and elegiac poetry, states that Amphion was the first to set up an altar to Hermes, and for this reason was presented by him with a harp. (Paus., 9.5.6)
...Polyneices retired from Thebes while Oedipus was still alive and reigning, in fear lest the curses of the father should be brought to pass upon the sons. He went to Argos and married a daughter of Adrastus, but returned to Thebes, being fetched by Eteocles after the death of Oedipus. On his return he quarrelled with Eteocles, and so went into exile a second time. He begged Adrastus to give him a force to effect his return, but lost his army and fought a duel with Eteocles as the result of a challenge. Both fell in the duel, and the kingdom devolved on Laodamas, son of Eteocles; Creon, the son of Menoeceus, was in power as regent and guardian of Laodamas. When the latter had grown up and held the kingship, the Argives led their army for the second time against Thebes. The Thebans encamped over against them at Glisas. When they joined in battle, Aegialeus, the son of Adrastus, was killed by Laodamas but the Argives were victorious in the fight, and Laodamas, with any Theban willing to accompany him, withdrew when night came to Illyria. The Argives captured Thebes and handed it over to Thersander, son of Polyneices. (Paus., 9.5.12)
...when Sulla invaded Boeotia, terror seized the Thebans; they at once changed sides, and sought the friendship of the Romans. [5] Sulla nevertheless was angry with them, and among his plans to humble them was to cut away one half of their territory. His pretext was as follows. When he began the war against Mithridates, he was short of funds. So he collected offerings from Olympia, those at Epidaurus, and all those at Delphi that had been left by the Phocians. [6] These he divided among his soldiery, and repaid the gods with half of the Theban territory. Although by favour of the Romans the Thebans afterwards recovered the land of which they had been deprived, yet from this point they sank into the greatest depths of weakness. The lower city of Thebes is all deserted to-day, except the sanctuaries, and the people live on the citadel, which they call Thebes and not Cadmeia. (Paus., 9.7.4)
This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.
AENIANIA (Ancient area) FTHIOTIDA
AKREFNION (Ancient city) THIVES
Perseus Encyclopedia
ALES (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
Town of Boeotia (Paus. 9,24,5).
ALIARTOS (Ancient city) VIOTIA
City of Boeotia, burned by Medes, its roofless and half-burnt temples, Tolmides defeated at H., attacked by Lacedaemonians under Lysander, land of Haliartus formerly belonged to Athamas.
ALPINI (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
A village behind the Greek position at Thermopylae.
AMFIKLIA (Ancient city) LOKRIDA
City of Phocis, burnt by Xerxes, destroyed after Sacred War.
AMFISSA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
City of Locris, a refuge for some Delphians when threatened by Xerxes, attacked by Achaeans under Aratus, Locrians of A. harry Phocis, their lands ravaged by Thebans, defends Delphi against Gauls.
AMVROSSOS (Ancient city) VIOTIA
City of Phocis, its walls, destroyed after Sacred War.
ANTHIDON (Ancient city) CHALKIDA
ANTHILI (Ancient city) LAMIA
A village near the pass of Thermopylae.
ANTIKYRA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
ARMA (Ancient city) TANAGRA
City of Boeotia.
ARNI (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Old name of Chaeronea.
ARTEMISSION (Ancient city) ISTIEA
ASKRA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
The first to sacrifice on Helicon to the Muses and to call the mountain sacred to the Muses were, they say, Ephialtes and Otus, who also founded Ascra. To this also Hegesinus alludes in his poem Atthis:
And again with Ascra lay Poseidon Earth-shaker,
Who when the year revolved bore him a son
Oeoclus, who first with the children of Aloeus founded
Ascra, which lies at the foot of Helicon, rich in springs.
(Paus. 9.29.1)
ASPLIDON (Ancient city) VIOTIA
City of Boeotia
ASSOPOS (River) VIOTIA
River of Boeotia, father of Antiope, of Oeroe, of Tanagra, of Thebe and of Thespia.
ASSOPOS (Tributary) FTHIOTIDA
River in Trachis near Thermopylae.
ATALANTI (Island) FTHIOTIDA
Island off Locris.
ATHAMANTION PEDION (Ancient plain) VIOTIA
ATHINA VIOTIKI (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Perseus Encyclopedia
AVES (Ancient city) ATALANTI
City of Phocis
AVLIS (Ancient city) STEREA HELLAS
Plane-tree at Aulis mentioned by Homer in the Iliad.(Paus. 9.19.7).
CHALKIS (Ancient city) EVIA
On the Euripus, in Euboea, at war with Athens, station of the Greek fleet, Chalcidians in the fleet, at Plataea, called one of three keys of Greece, hymn composed for people of Ch., poetical victory of Hesiod at Ch.
CHERONIA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
City of Boeotia, formerly called Arne, its unguents, Chaeroneans worship sceptre made by Hephaestus, battle of Ch., Arcadians defeated by Romans at Ch., Taxilus defeated at Ch. by Sulla, lion of Ch., trophies.
CHIN (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
Village on Mt. Oeta.
DAVLIS (Ancient city) VIOTIA
City of Phocis, destroyed after Sacred War, Tereus reigned at, Procne and Philomela at Daulis.
DELION (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Place in Boeotia, in district of Tanagra, image of Apollo restored to D. by Datis, battle of Delium.
DRYMEA (Ancient city) LOKRIDA
A town in Phocis (Hrd. 8,33).
City of Phocis, burnt by Xerxes, destroyed after Sacred War.
ELATIA (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
ELEFSIS (Ancient city) VIOTIA
According to the Boeotians there were once other inhabited towns near the lake, Athens and Eleusis, but there occurred a flood one winter which destroyed them.
ELEON (Ancient city) VIOTIA
A town in Boeotia, territory of E. marches with that of Tanagra
EOLIS (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Perseus Encyclopedia
ERETRIA (Ancient city) EVIA
In Euboea, Pisistratus in exile there, native place of Gephyraei, objective of Mardonius' campaign under Darius, of Datis, subdued by Persians, Eretrian captives in Persia, contingent in Greek fleet, at Plataea, enslaved by Medes, sacked by Romans, Eretrians dedicate bronze ox at Olympia, invade land of Tanagra.
ETEONOS (Ancient city) THIVES
In Locris, Achaeans defeated by Romans at.
EVIA (Island) GREECE
(island) Twice subjugated by Athenians, Athenian expedition into E, Athenian colony in E., Athenians slain in E, Myrtoan Sea begins at E, poor folk in E. wear pig-skins, Euboean antiquaries, battle of Euboeans with Thebans, Euboeans routed by Hermes at Tanagra. Desirable object for Persian attack, Chalcidians in Euboea defeated by Athenians, Persians under Datis there, Athenian ships off Euboea, naval operations in Euboean waters, Euboic coinage, Euboeans in Sicily, their treatment by Gelon, the Argonauts sail past, Autolycus steals cattle from, Cenaeum in, wreck of the Greeks on the coast of.
EVRIPOS STRAIGHT (Sea strait) EVIA
FLYGONION (Ancient city) VIOTIA
City of Phocis, destroyed after Sacred War.
FOKIS (Ancient area) GREECE
Named after Phocus, son of Ornytion, and after Phocus, son of Aeacus, name originally confined to district about Tithorea and Delphi, history of, boundaries, ruled by Deion, Panopeus in, Cadmus journeys through, Oedipus encounters and kills his father in, Daulia in, best land in Phocis is valley of Cephisus, two largest cities of Phocis are Delphi and Elatea, cities of Phocis destroyed after Sacred War, poor people of Phocis wear pigskins.
FTHIOTIS (Ancient country) FTHIOTIDA
In northern Greece, earliest home of the Dorians, Phthiotians belong to Amphictyonic League, its submission to Xerxes.
GERESTOS (Ancient port) KARYSTOS
A town at the southern extremity of Euboea.
GLISSAS (Ancient city) THIVES
Place in Boeotia near Tanagra, battle between Epigoni and Thebans at Glisas.
GREA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Name of woman and of Tanagra.
HERAKLIA (Ancient city) LAMIA
Under Mt. Oeta, besieged by Achaeans, compelled by Aetolians to join their confederacy, repulses Gauls.
IANTHIA (Ancient city) TOLOFONAS
City of Ozolian Locrians.
ISTIEA (Ancient city) EVIA
City of Euboea, built by the exiled Thebans, afterwards called Oreus, destroyed by Romans under Otilius.
KAFIREAS (Cape) EVIA
A promontory in Euboea, false lights kindled by Nauplius on, Greeks shipwrecked at:
KARYSTOS (Ancient city) EVIA
On the south coast of Euboea, subdued by Persians, in Xerxes' army, attacked by Greeks, war between Athens and Carystus.
KIFISSOS (River) VIOTIA
River of Phocis and Boeotia, its source, diverted by Herakles, father of Daulis, of Lilaea, and of Melaena.
KIRRA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
Port of Delphi, war of Amphictyons against.
KITHERON (Mountain) VIOTIA
Mountain of Boeotia, the mountain range between Attica and Boeotia, northern foothills of Cithaeron and passes over the range held by the Greeks against Mardonius, the lion of, killed by Herakles, nymphs of, pass over, Actaeon devoured by his dogs on, Theban women rave in Bacchic frenzy on, Pentheus torn to pieces there, the children of Niobe killed on, the Seven against Thebes at.
KOPES (Ancient city) THIVES
City of Boeotia (Paus. 9,24,1).
KORONIA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
A town in Boeotia, battle of.
KORSIES (Ancient city) THISVI
Town of Boeotia.
KREFSIS (Ancient city) THISVI
Port of Thespiae.
KRISSA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
KYNOS (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
Port of Opus.(Paus. 10,1,2).
LAMIA (Ancient city) FTHIOTIDA
Siege of, battle of, Lamian war, Lamian Gulf.
LARYMNA (Ancient city) LOKRIDA
City of Boeotia, anciently belonged to Opus.
LEFKTRA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Boeotian town, battle of, called shady in oracle.
LEFYSTION (Mountain) LEVADIA
The distance from Coroneia to Mount Laphystius and the precinct of Laphystian Zeus is about twenty stades. The image is of stone. They say that when Athamas was about to sacrifice here Phrixus and Helle, a ram with his fleece of gold was sent by Zeus to the children, and that on the back of this ram they made good their escape. (Paus. 9.34.5)
LEVADIA (Ancient city) VIOTIA
Lebadeia: City of Boeotia, sacred to Trophonius, shield of Aristomenes. Midea: City of Boeotia.
LILEA (Ancient city) PARNASSOS
City of Phocis, destroyed after Sacred War, source of Cephisus at, Lilaeans throw cakes into spring of Cephisus.
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