Listed 36 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "MARMARIS Small town TURKEY" .
EFTHINA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Euthenae (Euthenai: Eth. Euthenaios and Eutheneus), a town of Caria,
on the Ceramicus Sinus. (Plin. v. 29; Steph. B. s. v.)
FYSKOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Physcus (Phuskos: Eth. Phuskeus), a town of Caria, in the territory
of the Rhodians, situated on the coast, with a harbour and a grove sacred to Leto.
(Strab. xiv. p. 652; Stadiasm. Mar. Mag. § 245; Ptol. v. 2. § 11, where it is
called Phouska.) It is impossible to suppose that this Physcus was the porttown
of Mylasa (Strab. xiv. p. 659); we must rather assume that Passala, the port of
Mylasa, also bore the name of Physcus. Our Physcus was the ordinary landing-place
for vessels sailing from Rhodes to Asia Minor. (Strab. xiv. p. 663; comp. Steph.
B. s. v.) This harbour, now called Marmorice, and a part of it Physco, is one
of the finest in the world, and in 1801 Lord Nelson's fleet anchored here, before
the battle of the Nile.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
KEDRIES (Ancient city) TURKEY
Cedreae (Kedreai, Kedreiai: Eth. Kedreates. Kedraios), a city of Caria,
mentioned by Hecataeus. (Steph. s. v. Kedreai.) Lysander took the place, it being
in alliance with the Athenians. The inhabitants were michobarbaroi, a mixture
of Greeks and barbarians, as we may suppose. It was on the Ceramicus gulf in Caria;
but the site is unknown. (Xen. Hell. ii. 1. 15)
LORYMA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Loryma (ta Loruma), a small fortified place with a port, close to
Cape Cynossema, on the western-most point of the Rhodian Chersonesus, in Caria.
Its harbour was about 20 Roman miles distant from Rhodes. (Liv. xxxvii. 17, xlv.
10 ; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. v. 29; Ptol. v. 2. § 11; Thucyd. viii. 43; Senec.
Quaest. Nat. iii. 19 ; Appian, Bell. Civ. iv. 72.) Strabo (xiv. p. 652) applies
the name Loryma to the whole of the rocky district, without mentioning the town.
The Larumna of Mela (i. 16) and the Lorimna of the Tab. Peut. perhaps refer to
Loryma, although it is also possible that they may be identical with a place called
Larymna mentioned by Pliny in the same district. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 223) regards
the ruins in the west of Port Aplotheca as belonging to the ancient town of Loryma.
These ruins are seen on the spur of a hill at the south-western entrance of the
port; the town was long and narrow, running from, west to east; on each of its
long sides there are still visible six or seven square towers, and one large round
one at each end : the round tower at the east end is completely demolished. The
walls are preserved almost to their entire height, and built in the best style,
of large square blocks of limestone. Towards the harbour, in the north, the town
had no gate, and on the south side alone there appear three rather narrow entrances.
In the interior no remains of buildings are discernible, the ground consisting
of the bare rock, whence it is evident that the place was not a town, but only
a fort. Sculptures and inscriptions have not been found either within or outside
the fort, but several tombs with bare stelae, and some ruins, exist in the valley
at the head of the harbour. (Ross, Reisen auf den Griech. Inseln, vol. iv. pp.
46, &c.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
FYSKOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
(Phuskos). A town of Caria, opposite Rhodes, and subject to that island.
LORYMA (Ancient city) TURKEY
(ta Aoruma). A city on the southern coast of Caria, opposite Ialysus in Rhodes.
KEDRIES (Ancient city) TURKEY
On the island of Sehiroglu or Sedir Ada, 16 km N of Marmaris.
LORYMA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Not far from Cape Cynossema, at the western extremity of Rhodian Chersonesus, opposite to and twenty Roman miles from Rhodes, west of Port Aplothiki.
THYSSANOUS (Ancient city) TURKEY
AMNISTOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Ruins at a town 12 km N-NW of Marmaris. Amnistos was a Rhodian deme
attached to the city of Kamiros. The demotic is fairly common in Rhodian inscriptions,
but the only evidence for the site is an epitaph of an Amnistian found ca. 1.6
km from Sogut; this is of course inconclusive, and it is not in fact certain even
that Amnistos was in the Peraea and not on the island.
The ruins at Sogut consist of a substantial fort on a headland with
a wall of mixed ashlar and polygonal masonry, the approach guarded by a tower;
on the shore of the bay below is a stretch of quay wall in good isodomic ashlar.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
AMOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
A Rhodian deme in Caria 11 km S of Marmaris, probably attached to
the city of Lindos. Aischines owned land there (Ep. 9; cf. 12.11) and refers to
its fertility; this is confirmed by a series of land leases found at Hisarburnu
and dating from about 200 B.C. These fertile estates probably lay on the plain
near Golenye, a few km to the N. The inscriptions show that Amos had a board of
hieromnamones and that the principal deity was Apollo, with the otherwise unknown
epithet Samnaios.
The acropolis has a fortification wall in coursed polygonal masonry,
apparently dating to the early Hellenistic period and still standing 3 or 4 m
high, with towers and a gate on the N. Inside it are the foundations of a small
temple in antis about 13 m long, which may be that of Apollo Samnaios. Amos was
one of the three Peraean demes which had a theater; it is small but fairly well
preserved. The analemmata stand 5 m high, and the foundations of the stage building
survive, divided into three compartments. The site has never been excavated.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
EFTHINA (Ancient city) TURKEY
A conspicuous peak in Caria, 9 km N of Marmaris, where the remains
are probably those of a Peraean deme of Rhodes attached to the city of Kamiros
which seems to be mentioned (the MS readings vary greatly) by Mela (1.84) and
Pliny (HN 5.107), who establish the approximate location. On the summit of the
peak is a walled citadel with a small fort at either end, and on the steep slope
of the hill are the closely packed ruins of a considerable town, built on terraces.
In the village of Ovacik at the foot of the hill was found an epitaph of a Euthenite.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
FYSKOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Town in Caria, the most important deme of the Rhodian Peraea, attached
to the city of Lindos. An inscription shows that it was incorporated in the Rhodian
state at least by the mid 4th c. B.C. It fell normally under the command of a
hagemon of Apeiros, Physkos, and Chersonasos, and is the only Peraean deme except
Kedreai to be individually named in a governor's command. Its importance is explained
by its superb harbor. Strabo (652) mentions a grove of Leto at Physkos, and built
into a wall of the castle at Marmaris is a 4th c. dedication to her. Strabo (659)
makes the curious statement that Physkos was the port of Mylasa; the error is
the more surprising as elsewhere (652, 665, 677) he is aware of its true position.
The acropolis was on a hill some 2 km NW of Marman, now heavily overgrown,
but some stretches of wall of Classical and Hellenistic date can be made out.
In Marmaris itself nothing of the ancient city remains standing, but numerous
inscriptions and sculptured blocks have been found there, especially in the Eyliktasi
quarter; some of these are collected at the school. The castle on the low hill
at the S end of the town is mediaeval.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KASARA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Town in Caria, near the tip of the Loryma peninsula SW of Marmaris.
Kasara was (at least after 408 B.C.) a Rhodian deme which included Loryma and
much of the S end of the peninsula. Whether it also included the island of Syme
is more doubtful. As a deme it was attached to the city of Kamiros, not Lindos.
The site occupies a low hill in a valley running across the peninsula.
The remains consist merely of a stretch of circuit wall in bossed ashlar, and
two specimens of the curious stepped pyramidal bases which appear to be found
exclusively in the immediate neighborhood; their purpose remains uncertain.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KASTAVOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
City in Caria above Hisaronu, 13 km SW of Marmaris. Until the site
was identified in 1960 Kastabos was known only from three sources: 1) a Rhodian
inscription found on the island of Megista; 2) a Rhodian decree, found at Golenye
near Marmaris, which locates Kastabos on the territory of the deme of Bybassos;
3) a passage of Diodoros (5.62-63) which places the sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos
in the Carian Chersonese. The site at Pazarlik was visited in 1860, and a temple,
theater, and other remains including a female statue were reported; it was supposed
to be the grove of Leto mentioned in Strabo (652). Excavation after WW II revealed
an inscription recording that the temple was dedicated to Hemithea, proving that
Kastabos was at Pazarhk and that the fortified site at Hisaronu is Bybassos.
Diodoros' account is remarkably detailed. The sanctuary, he says,
in the course of time became highly esteemed and visited by pilgrims from far
and near who made splendid sacrifices and rich offerings so that the place was
filled with dedications although not protected by guardians or any strong wall.
Such was its reputation that neither the Persians nor the pirates touched it,
vulnerable as it was. The goddess had great powers of healing, especially for
women in childbirth; standing over the sleeping patients she treated them in person
and had cured many desperate cases. The Golenye inscription confirms this popularity,
recording that the crowds were so great that they could not be accommodated in
the existing buildings, and revenue was being lost.
The temple stood on a platform; it succeeded a simple shrine about
5 m square on the hilltop, the sanctuary which had been spared by the Persians.
The platform and temple were apparently constructed in the latter part of the
4th c. The platform, some 53 by 34 m, is supported by high walls of local limestone
with masonry varying from ashlar to coursed polygonal. The temple was Ionic, with
a peristyle of 12 columns by 6, a cella, and a deep pronaos with two columns in
antis; there was no opisthodomos. The cella door seems to have been decorated
with engaged columns and stood on a high threshold necessitating steps up from
the pronaos. Close to this threshold, in the middle of the pronaos and blocking
direct approach to the cella door, was a puteal consisting of a circular plinth
surmounted by a round monument adorned with half-lifesize figures in relief. Judging
from its position this is probably a later addition to the pronaos. At the back
of the cella stood a small naiskos 1.22 m wide, which evidently housed the cult
statue. Of the whole temple hardly more than the foundation survives.
Round three sides of the platform ran a screen wall, poorly preserved;
along this at intervals were placed at least five small buildings, aediculae,
of unequal size and uncertain purpose. And on the E, adjoining the outer side
of the screen wall, were two larger buildings, also of unequal size; the larger
could possibly have served for purposes of incubation, but more likely both rooms
were intended for the personnel of the temple. Built into a wall of the larger
building, facing the temple, was an inscription recording the dedication of the
temple to Hemithea by a man of Hygassos; another inscription from the screen wall
named the architects, two men of Halikarnassos.
Outside the temple platform a few foundations are recognizable, but
the only identifiable building is the theater, a short way down the slope to the
SW. The cavea, facing approximately W, was roughly constructed, but only a small
part has been excavated.
We learn from the Golenye inscription that in the first half of the
2d c. B.C. considerable improvements were made to provide for the crowds and to
render the sanctuary more worthy of the goddess; but in the damaged condition
of the text it is not clear what steps were taken. Soon after this the sanctuary
began to decline, no doubt largely because of the contemporary decline of the
Rhodian state itself, and by the Roman period there is little evidence to suggest
that the cult of Hemithea continued even to exist.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
KEDRIES (Ancient city) TURKEY
City in Caria, on the island of Sehiroglu or Sedir Ada, 16 km N of
Marmaris. The city was independent in the 5th c. B.C., paying a tribute of half
a talent, later reduced to a third, in the Delian Confederacy. In 405 it was attacked
by Lysander, who captured it at the second attempt and enslaved the inhabitants;
these are described by Xenophon (2.1.15) as semibarbarian. At an uncertain date
in the Hellenistic period Kedreai was incorporated into the Rhodian Peraea, and
formed one of the more important Rhodian demes. So far as is known the independent
city issued no coinage. The principal deity was Apollo, with the epithets Pythios
and Kedrieus.
The island is less than 1 km long, divided in the middle by a narrow
isthmus. The W half is bare; the E is surrounded, just above the water, by a strong
ashlar wall with towers. Near the summit stood a Doric temple, apparently that
of Apollo, but only the foundations are preserved; it stands on a terraced platform
with a solid wall. The site was later occupied by a Christian church. On the N
slope is the theater, well preserved but overgrown and partly buried; the cavea
had nine cunei but no diazoma. The agora also is overgrown, but its supporting
wall remains in fine condition. On the mainland opposite the island, across some
200 m of water, is a fairly extensive necropolis comprising built tombs and sarcophagi.
The stadium whose existence is implied by the agonistic inscriptions has not been
located. Like most of the Peraean demes, Kedreai was neglected by the ancient
geographers, though Stephanos quotes it from Hekataios, and it does not appear
in the Byzantine bishopric lists.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
PHOINIX (Ancient city) TURKEY
Site in Caria, on the Loryma peninsula SW of Marmaris. According to
Strabo (652) it stood on top of a mountain of the same name, which Fenaket does
not; but the survival of the name seems conclusive for the site. The place seems
also to be mentioned by Stephanos Byzantios s.v. Phoinike. It belonged with the
rest of the peninsula to the incorporated Rhodian Peraea, and seems to have been
the center of the deme of the Tloioi. Little survives apart from a fortified acropolis
and numerous inscriptions.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
PYRNOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
A town of the Rhodian Peraea. It is named by Pliny (HN 5.104) between
Kaunos and Loryma,and by Stephanos Byzantios. Earlier it was a member of the Delian
Confederacy, with a tribute of one-sixth of a talent. It has been proposed to
place it in the bay of Buyukkaraagac, between Kaunos and Physkos; there are remains
of walls and tombs on the W side of the bay.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This extract is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
SYRNA (Ancient city) TURKEY
Town in Caria on the Loryma peninsula SW of Marmaris. Founded, according
to the legend (Steph. Byz. s.v.), by Podaleirios son of Asklepios and named after
his wife Syrna. The site was determined in 1948 by a decree of the Syrnians, found
near Bayir, recording a donation for the celebration of sacrifices in the precinct
of Asklepios. An Asklepieion at Bayir was previously known from another inscription
listing contributions to some building connected with it. Both inscriptions date
from the 2d c. B.C. when Syrna was included in the Rhodian Peraea, though not
actually a deme. The ruins are scanty, almost entirely isolated ancient stones;
the site of the Asklepieion has not been located. The former identification of
Bayir with the deme of Hygassos on the strength of an epitaph of husband and wife,
both Hygassians, found there, is now superseded.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
THYSSANOUS (Ancient city) TURKEY
On the Loryma Peninsula. A deme of the incorporated Rhodian Peraea,
mentioned by Pomponius Mela (1.84). The site is identified by a number of inscriptions.
The acropolis is close above the village, with a wall of polygonal masonry.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
TYMNOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
City in Caria 27 km SW of Marmaris, a deme of the incorporated Rhodian
Peraea, attached to the city of Kamiros. The town lies on a fine harbor, referred
to by Mela (1.84) as sinus Thymnias. Tymnos was previously placed at Selimiye
(formerly Losta), 3 km to the N, where numerous epitaphs of Tymnians are found,
but this would in any case be on Tymnian territory. Bozburun is not only by far
the finer site, but has produced many inscriptions, including a decree of the
koinon of the Tymnians, and one of the few dedications to Roman emperors and magistrates
found in the Peraea. Neither site has any standing ruins of consequence.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
VYBASSOS (Ancient city) TURKEY
Site in Caria 13 km SW of Marmaris, proved by the identification of
Kastabos at Pazarllk on the mountain above Hisaronu. Bybassos was a Rhodian deme
and Kastabos lay in its territory. Herodotos (1.174) observes that Knidian territory
began from the Bybassian Chersonese, that is, the Loryma peninsula SW of Marmaris;
Diodoros (5.62) speaks of Bubastos in the Chersonese; Pliny (HN 5.104) uses regio
Bubassus; Mela (1.84) says that the sinus Bubasius includes Kyrnos; Stephanos
Byzantios s.v. calls it a city. Bybassos was long believed to be represented by
the ruins at Emecik, on the Knidian peninsula 10 km E of Datca (Resadiye), and
the Bybassian Chersonese to be the E half of that peninsula, but this is demonstrably
wrong. Bybassos was among the more important of the Rhodian mainland demes, and
the demotic is frequent in the inscriptions.
The ruins at Hisaronu are scanty and inscriptions lacking. The acropolis
hill is about 1 km W of the village; it carries remains of a fortification wall
and some stretches of terrace wall; Hellenistic sherds are abundant. Other remains
in the neighborhood include a long double field wall a little to the N, some remnants
of buildings on the seashore, and some evidence of the existence of a church.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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