Listed 4 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for destination: "KARYANDA Ancient city TURKEY".
An island between Myndos and Bargylia in Caria with a sheltered anchorage.
At its E end on a hill above a deserted village are considerable remains of a
town or city now buried in almost impenetrable scrub. A wall some 160 m long and
1 m thick runs N-S; it is built of dry rubble, with two facings and a filling
of small stones. Numerous other walls, from fortifications and houses, are to
be seen, but under present conditions it is hardly possible to determine the full
extent of the site. Tiles and sherds seem to be of the 4th c. B.C. So far as the
material evidence goes, this appears to be by far the most likely site for the
island of Karyanda. The location (Pseudo-Skylax, Strab. 658, Mela 1.85, Plin.
HN 5.107) has long been sought, and Pliny (HN 5.134) and Strabo make it clear
that two sites, one mainland and one island, are required. Strabo speaks of "Myndos
. . . and after this Bargylia, also a city, and in between these a lake Karyanda
and an island of the same name where the Karyandans used to dwell."
Apparently the Karyandans, early in the 3d c., crossed to the mainland
and settled on the shore around Gol, the only lake in this area, where there was
later a flourishing Byzantine township; they thus became citizens of Myndos (whose
territory had been depopulated by Mausolos' transference of the Lelegians to Halikarnassos),
in effect replacing the now deserted Lelegian site on the hill above (cf. Madnasa).
Their settlement, naturally unfortified, has left no traces, having been completely
covered by the Byzantine occupation.
G. E. Bean, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
A city of Caria, on a little island, once probably united with the mainland. It was the birthplace of the geographer Scylax.
Caryanda (Karuanda: Eth. Karuandeus). Stephanus (s. v. Karuanda) says
that Hecataeus, made the accusative singular Karuandan. He describes it as a city
and harbour (limen) near Myndus and Cos. But limen, in the text of Stephanus,
is an emendation or alteration: the MSS. have limne lake. Strabo places Caryanda
between Myndus and Bargylia, and he describes it, according to the common text,
as a lake, and island of the same name with it; and thus the texts of Stephanus,
who has got his information from Strabo, agree with the texts of Strabo. Pliny
(v. 31) simply mentions the island Caryanda with a town; but he is in that passage
only enumerating islands. In another passage (v. 29) he mentions Caryanda as a
place on the mainland, and Mela (i. 16) does also. We must suppose, therefore,
that there was a town on the island and one on the mainland. The harbour might
lie between. Scylax, supposed to be a native of Caryanda, describes the place
as an island, a city, and a port. Tzschucke corrected the text of Strabo, and
changed limne into limen: and the last editor of Stephanus has served him the
same way, following two modern critics. It is true that these words are often
confounded in the Greek texts; but if we change limne into limen in Strabo's text,
the word tauthe, which refers to limne, must also be altered. (See Groskurd's
note, Transl. Strab. vol. iii. p. 53.)
Leake (Asia Minor, p. 227) says there can be little doubt that the
large peninsula, towards the westward end of which is the fine harbour called
by the Turks Pasha Limani, is the ancient island of Caryanda, now joined to the
main by a narrow sandy isthmus. He considers Pasha Limani to be the harbour of
Caryanda noticed by Strabo, Scylax, and Stephanus. But it should not be forgotten
that the texts of Strabo and Stephanus speak of a limne, which may mean a place
that communicated with the sea. The supposition that the island being joined to
the main is a remote effect of the alluvium of the Maeander, seems very unlikely.
At any rate, before we admit this, we must know whether there is a current along
this coast that runs south from the outlet of the Maeander.
Strabo mentions Scylax the ancient writer as a native of Caryanda,
and Stephanus has changed him into the ancient logographus. Scylax is mentioned
by Herodotus (iv. 44): he sailed down the Indus under the order of the first Darius
king of Persia. He may have written something; for, if the Scylax, the author
of the Periplus, lived some time after Herodotus, as some critics suppose, Strabo
would not call him an ancient writer.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited August 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
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