Listed 11 sub titles with search on: Information about the place for wider area of: "NORTH YORKSHIRE County ENGLAND" .
NORTH YORKSHIRE (County) ENGLAND
RICHMOND (Town) NORTH YORKSHIRE
MALTON (Town) ENGLAND
Derventio (Malton) Yorkshire, England.
Agricolan fort on the site of an earlier legionary fortress, partly covered by
a Roman town and a mediaeval castle and mansion, and just W of old Malton Priory
Church. Mentioned twice as Derventione on Iter I (Ant. It. and Not. dig). The
site covered a crossing of the river Derwent. The fort wall was laid on a foundation
of clay and stone, and well-preserved gates with guardrooms still stood at the
time of excavation. The pits of the earlier fortress lay outside the fort, and
yielded an abundance of mid 1st c. pottery and tiles. This fortress may have been
built by Petcilius Cericles on his advance from Lincoln to York.
The fortress was destroyed and corn from the granaries laid along
the ramparts and systematically burned. This carbonized layer divides the earlier
and later periods of the fort's history. Later the fortress showed signs of decay:
burials were common even in the guardrooms. The later town was built along the
road to the ford and on the other bank through Norton. Workshops and stores were
common, and there were potters' kilns in Norton. The earliest buildings were of
wood, but some of the later buildings were of stone and had mosaic floors.
G.F. Wilmot, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Feb 2006 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
YORK (Town) ENGLAND
Eboracum or Eburacum or Eburaco (York) Yorkshire, England.
A legionary fortress and colonia. (Ptol. Geog. 2.3.16; It. Ant. 466.) The revolt
of the Brigantes against their pro-Roman Queen Carturandua deprived the Roman
province of Britain of a friendly buffer state on the N, and in the emergency
the governor and commander in charge Pet. Pius Cerialis advanced Legio IX Hispana
from its base at Lincoln to a position on the E bank of the Ouse. Roman remains
still standing are the W corner tower of the 4th c. fortress and the curtain wall
facing the river in the Museum gardens, portions of the 4th c. NW wall in the
garden of the Public Library and off Exhibition Square, and the 2d c. E corner
tower behind the Merchant Taylors' Hall in Aldwark. Most of the fortress lies
some 6 m below modern ground level and is covered by later buildings, but the
modern streets are based on the fortress plan: Petergate is the via principalis,
and Stonegate the via praetoria. Portions of a large headquarters building have
recently been discovered below York Minster, and there are foundations of a 4th
c. bath house below the Mail Coach Inn in St. Sampson's Square.
The original fortress, covering some 200 ha, had an earthen rampart
faced with turf; it was later strengthened by Julius Agricola, who constructed
a clay rampart faced with turf which probably had wooden interval towers. Under
Trajan the three British fortresses were rebuilt in stone; the rebuilding of York
can be dated to 107-8 by an inscription found in King's Square and now in the
Yorkshire Museum. This is the last dated record of Legio IX (though mortaria stamps
found at Nijmegen suggest that it was moved to the Lower Rhine); ca. 120 it was
replaced by Legio VI Victrix. In the early 3d c. the emperor Severus made Eboracum
his headquarters, and died here in A.D. 211. He strengthened the defenses of the
fortress with a stone wall 1.8 m thick, and the barrack blocks within the fortress
seem also to have been rebuilt in stone at this time. There was another rebuilding
at the end of the 4th c. by Constantius I, who also died here. The towers were
replaced by projecting bastions; towards the end of the century the defenses became
neglected and the protective ditch was used by squatters.
Very little is known of the history of the colonia on the W bank of
the Ouse, though the inscription on the altar dedicated by M. A. Lunaris to the
Guardian Spirit of Bordeaux shows that it existed as a colony by A.D. 237. There
was a Temple of Mithras (altarpiece in the Yorkshire Museum) and a Temple of Serapis.
Outside the colonia lay the cemeteries.
G.F. Wilmot, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Feb 2006 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
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