Εμφανίζονται 18 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Αρχαιολογικοί χώροι στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΕΙΟ Κωμόπολη ΣΑΜΟΣ" .
ΗΡΑΙΟΝ (Αρχαίο ιερό) ΣΑΜΟΣ
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: The Great Hera Temple is opposite the cult altar in the
Sanctuary of Hera at Samos
Date: 510 B.C. - 460 B.C.
Period: Archaic/Classical
Plan:
A dipteral (double colonnade) temple with a 3rd row of columns at front and back
(3 rows of 8 along front and 3 rows of 9 along back). Ionic order. Pronaos and
cella divided into 3 aisles by two rows of columns. Steps at front added in Roman
period.
History:
Construction lasted over a century and possibly never completed. Built as part
of the tyrant Polykrates' building campaign over the earlier dipteral temple of
architects Rhoikos and Theodoros. Stood in ruins by 170 A.D.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 3 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple Summary: Hera Temple built by architects Rhoikos and
Theodoros stood opposite the cult altar in Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 570 B.C. - 560 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
A dipteral (double colonnade) Ionic temple with a square pronaos and a cella equal
in length to the total width of stylobate. Cella and pronaos divided into 3 aisles
by 2 rows of columns. A double row of 8 columns and a double row of 10 columns
along the front and back of the stylobate. Presumed that columns at front lined
up with the double row of internal cella and pronaos columns.
History:
In same location as earlier hekatompedon temples. Built by Rhoikos and Theodoros.
The first of the giant Ionic temples. Destroyed ca. a decade after its completion,
possibly by earthquake.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 2 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple A, NW of altar and center court of Sanctuary of
Hera, Samos
Date: 575 B.C. - 550 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Small non-peripteral temple with almost square cella and a pronaos in antis. A
single step ran around the building. Inside a cult statue base stands against
center of rear wall, opposite the single entrance.
History:
Built in the mid-6th c. B.C., the temple is aligned with an earlier version of
the cult altar. It may have housed the cult statue of Hera during the construction
of the later temple and altar of Hera.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple B is N of the main altar in Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 575 B.C. - 525 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Small non-peripteral temple with rectangular cella and pronaos in antis. May have
had 2 Ionic columns in antis and a statue base in center of cella. A single step
ran around the building.
History:
A new floor and repairs made after earthquake damage in late 6th c. B.C. Replaced
by a wider and shorter temple in antis (which used original W and S walls) in
2nd or 1st c. B.C. Later temple may have been distyle in antis.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple C, immediately N of main altar in Sanctuary of Hera,
Samos
Date: 550 B.C. - 500 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
A peripteral (6 x 11) temple, distyle in antis, probably of Ionic order. Colonnade
stood on separate foundations, not on stylobate. Uncertain if antae extended to
front of structure (as reconstructed) or if there were 6 columns along the front--as
along the back. Double row of columns stood inside the deep pronaos and possibly
inside the cella as well (not shown on reconstruction).
History:
The late Archaic temple was radically rebuilt (with new cella and pronaos) in
Roman era, ca. 1st c. A.D.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: Temple D, NE of Temple A in Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 550 B.C. - 500 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
A non-peripteral temple (or possibly treasury) with an almost square cella and
a pronaos and an opisthodomos, both in antis. A single door in center of the pronaos.
History:
Built in second half of 6th c. B.C
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: First Hekatompedon temple of Hera, opposite the cult altar
in Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 800 B.C. - 700 B.C.
Period: Geometric
Plan:
The oldest temple in the sanctuary. A long cella with open front faced the altar
to the E. The cella had a central row of wooden columns on stone slab bases and
a limestone cult statue base at W end. Debated, but generally accepted as being
peripteral (6 x 17), as reconstructed on plan.
History:
Few remains, but stylistically dated to 8th c. B.C.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: 2nd Hekatompedon temple of Hera, built over the 1st Hekatompedon
in Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 675 B.C. - 625 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
A rebuilt Hekatompedon on same site as the first. Cella remained same size, but
colonnade increased and central row of columns removed from cella. Colonnade was
square wooden piers resting on cult stone round bases. Inside cella a bench-like
projection ran around 3 walls. This may have served for seating or as base for
interior supports to reduce free span of the roof. Temple may have stood on earth
podium as at the North Building.
History:
Replaced 1st Hekatompedon in mid-7th c. B.C. and demolished in 6th c. B.C. to
make room for the Rhoikos temple.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 2 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Altar
Summary: Monumental altar in center of Sanctuary of Hera
Date: 560 B.C. - 550 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
A three-sided open-air platform with a broad staircase in antis on its west side.
N and S walls serve as antae with sculptured pilaster capitals (see 3 details).
History:
At least 7 earlier altars beneath present structure, the oldest dating to the
Late Bronze Age. The limestone of the Archaic altar (possibly built by Rhoikos)
was replaced with marble in early Roman period and the Archaic reliefs were copied
in the old style.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 4 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Treasury
Summary: Hellenistic rectangular building, S of Sacred Way that
leads to main altar in Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 330 B.C. - 80 B.C.
Period: Hellenistic
Plan:
Almost square structure with two doorways opening obliquely to the Sacred Way.
Opposite the doorways borders set in the marble floor set off the interior SE
and SW corners. The location, orientation, and floor of this unique building may
indicate that it was an open "treasury" to display and protect valuable votive
dedications, but its true function is unknown.
History:
Hellenistic date is indicated by the use of green-gray poros stone in foundations.
Remains of mortared walls show modification or repairs of Roman date.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Temple
Summary: "North Building" located immediately north of the main
altar at Sanctuary of Hera, Samos
Date: 560 B.C. - 500 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
The second largest temple at the site, it was a peripteral (5 x 12) temple of
Ionic order with double row of columns at front and rear. Temple rested on an
artificial earth platform, probably with steps along the front. No pronaos, but
cella was deep and open to the front, facing the Sacred Way. The adyton had two
doorways and a single row of interior columns ran the length of the cella and
adyton.
History:
Original mid-6th c. B.C. temple of cella and adyton built on an artificial terrace
received the addition of a colonnade later in the century.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Stoa
Summary: South Stoa, SW of the main altar in Sanctuary of Hera,
Samos
Date: 700 B.C. - 550 B.C.
Period: Archaic
Plan:
Long, hall-like building divided into 3 equal parts. Open along the long NW side.
Rows of wooden columns, along open side and down center of building supported
a hipped roof of terracotta rooftiles. Before the hall was a flagstone paved,
4 m. wide court.
History:
Built at the time of the 2nd Hekatompedon and originally formed SW boundary of
the sanctuary. One of the earliest stoas known. Demolished in 6th c. B.C. to make
room for the larger Hera temple and the South Building.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 2 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Site: Samos, Heraion
Type: Stoa
Summary: North West Stoa, NW of main altar and W of N gate at Sanctuary
of Hera, Samos
Date: 550 B.C. - 300 B.C.
Period: Archaic/Classical
Plan:
Long, hall-like building with the N temenos wall as its real wall. Open along
its length facing the Hekatompedon. A continuous structure subdivided into 8 or
more sections (plan shows 3 of the sections).
History:
Apparently not built all at once, but section by section.
This text is cited Nov 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 1 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
Region: Sporades
Periods: Dark Age, Geometric, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman
Type: Sanctuary
Summary: Sanctuary of Hera.
Physical Description:
The Heraion is located in marshy ground at the mouth of
the river Imbrasos ca. 6 km W of the ancient capital city of Samos.
Description:
The earliest evidence for occupation at the site goes back
to the Early Bronze Age, but the first structures of a definite religious character
(altar and temple) date to the Dark Ages. The sanctuary may have served a local
Carian divinity originally, but the Hellenic religion probably arrived with the
early Ionian colonists. According to Greek myth, it was here, beside a sacred
bush, that Hera was born and married. A festival was held every year at the Heraion
to celebrate the marriage of Hera and Zeus. In the mid 6th century B.C. the sanctuary
was enlarged and embellished during the reign of Polycrates and the 1st Great
Hera Temple was built by the architect Rhoikos. At ca. 530 B.C. Samos was captured
by the Persians and the Hera Temple was destroyed by fire. A 2nd Great Temple
was started at the end of the 6th century B.C., but it was never completed. Samos
was a member of the Delian League and became an Athenian colony in 365 B.C. After
190 B.C. Samos came under the control of Pergamon and finally under Roman rule.
The sanctuary continued to develop throughout the Hellenistic and Roman periods,
but was plundered a number of times by pirates and barbarians during its later
history. It was also plundered by Antony in 39 B.C., but Augustus restored many
of its art works.
Exploration:
Visited by Society of Dilettanti in 1812 and Ross in 1841.
Minor test excavations by Gerard, Clerc, Kavvadias and Sophulis at end of 19th
century. Excavated by German Archaeological Institute 1910-14, 1925-39, and since
1952.
Donald R. Keller, ed.
This text is cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains 12 image(s), bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΕΙΟ (Κωμόπολη) ΣΑΜΟΣ
Τηλέφωνο: +30 210 3307400, 3307416
Φαξ: +30 210 3814762
ΗΡΑΙΟΝ (Αρχαίο ιερό) ΣΑΜΟΣ
Σύμφωνα με τη μυθολογία στο ιερό αυτό γεννήθηκε και μεγάλωσε η Ήρα.
Σε αυτό φέρεται να παντρεύτηκε τον Δία. Το Ηραίον Βρίσκεται σε μια τοποθεσία κοντά
στην ανατολική όχθη του ποταμού Ίμβρασου. Ο Ηρόδοτος αποδίδει την ίδρυση του στους
Λέλεγες. Η Ήρα διαδέχθηκε τη λατρεία της Θεάς Γης και καθιερώνεται επίσημα στο
νησί με την εγκατάσταση των Ιώνων. Η φήμη και η ισχύς του Ηραίου μεγαλώνει στα
μέσα του 7ου αιώνα. Αυτό καταδεικνύεται από το πλήθος των κτιρίων, που κατασκευάζονται
γύρω από το ιερό καθώς και των αφιερωμάτων (αγάλματα της Ήρας, τεράστια αγγεία
και πιθάρια) που προσφέρουν πολλές πόλεις της Ελλάδας. Για το λόγο αυτό οικοδομείται
μια μεγάλη στοά για τη φύλαξη τους. Μάλιστα στα νότια του μεγάλου βωμού σώζεται
ακόμη μια σειρά από πέτρινες βάσεις, στις οποίες στηριζόταν το πλοίο που είχε
αφιερώσει ο Κωλαίος στη Ήρα μαζί με μεγάλο χάλκινο λέβητα. Προς τιμή της Ήρας
που γιόρταζε δυο φορές το χρόνο (Ηραία και Τόνεα) τελούνταν γυμνικοί και μουσικοί
αγώνες. Τον 3ο αιώνα μ.Χ. ο χώρος λεηλατείται και καταστρέφεται. Δυο αιώνες αργότερα
στη θέση του ιερού θα αναγερθεί μια τρίκλιτη βασιλική εκκλησία. Οι ανασκαφές στον
χώρο του Ηραίου ξεκινούν το 1902 και ανά διαστήματα συνεχίζονται έως σήμερα.
Στον χώρο του Ηραίου είχαν προηγηθεί τρεις παλαιότεροι ναοί: ο Εκατόμπεδος
Ι και ο Εκατόμπεδος ΙΙ καθώς και ο ναός των Ροίκου και Θεοδώρου. Στα υπολείμματα
του τελευταίου ναού ο οποίος καταστράφηκε λίγο μετά την οικοδόμησή του από μια
πυρκαγιά κτίστηκε ο ναός της Ήρας που σώζεται σήμερα. Κτίστηκε το 530 π.Χ. (την
ίδια εποχή με την τυραννίδα του Πολυκράτη). Για την κατασκευή του χρησιμοποιήθηκε
πωρόλιθος εκτός από τις βάσεις και τα κιονόκρανα που ήταν μαρμάρινα. Λόγω της
Αθηναϊκής ηγεμονίας η οικοδόμηση του δεν ολοκληρώθηκε. Κατά τους ελληνιστικούς
χρόνους κατασκευάζεται η νότια κιονοστοιχία, ενώ της ίδιας εποχής είναι και η
μοναδική κολόνα η οποία σώζεται μέχρι σήμερα στη θέση της. Συγχρόνως με το ναό
κτίστηκε και ο Μεγάλος Βωμός στη θέση του αρχικού, που είχε ανανεωθεί επτά φορές
ως τότε και ήταν ένα μεγάλο ορθογώνιο τετράγωνο κτίσμα (ύψους 3 μ.).
Γύρω από το ιερό κατασκευάζεται ένας σημαντικός αριθμός κτηρίων. Έτσι
στις αρχές του 6ου αιώνα κατασκευάζεται ο μεγάλος ναός του Ερμή και της Αφροδίτης,
ενώ τον 7ο αιώνα κατασκευάζονται οι ιερές δεξαμενές καθώς και η μεγάλη ιωνική
βόρεια στοά (μήκους 70 μ.). Κατά καιρούς κτίστηκαν αφιερώματα, αγάλματα και μικροί
ναοί. Τον 2ο αιώνα μ.Χ. κατασκευάστηκε μια μεγάλη πομπική κλίμακα στην πρόσοψη
του ρωμαϊκού ναού που είχε κτιστεί πιθανότατα για τις ανάγκες του ρωμαϊκού ναού,
ο οποίος είχε κτιστεί την περίοδο εκείνη. Σταδιακά την ίδια περίοδο δημιουργείται
και ένας συνοικισμός (σώζονται τα υπολείμματα μιας ρωμαϊκής οικίας). Τον 3ο αιώνα
πλακοστρώνεται η Ιερά Οδός η οποία ένωνε το ιερό με το πόλη του Πυθαγορείου και
στην οποία είχαν τοποθετήσει αναθήματα, αγάλματα.
Το κείμενο παρατίθεται τον Μάιο 2003 από την ακόλουθη ιστοσελίδα του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών
ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΕΙΟ (Κωμόπολη) ΣΑΜΟΣ
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