Εμφανίζονται 45 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Πληροφορίες για τον τόπο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΓΥΘΕΙΟ Επαρχία ΛΑΚΩΝΙΑ" .
ΑΙΓΙΕΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Aegaeae (Aighiai, Paus. iii. 21. § 5; Haigaial, Strab. p. 364: Limni).
A town of Laconia, at the distance of 30 stadia from Gythium, supposed to be the
same as the Homeric Augeiae. (Angelhai, Il. ii. 583; comp. Steph. B. s. v.) It
possessed a temple and lake of Neptune. Its site is placed by the French Commission
at Limni, so called from an extensive marsh in the valley of the eastern branch
of the river of Passava.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΑΙΓΙΛΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
ΑΣΙΝΗ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Eth. Asinaios, Asineus. An Asine in Laconia is mentioned by Strabo
(viii. p. 363) as situated between Amathus (a false reading for Psamathus) and
Gythium; and Stephanus B. (s. v.) speaks of a Laconian as well as of a Messenian
Asine. Polybius (v. 19) likewise relates that Philip, in his invasion of Laconia,
suffered a repulse before Asine, which appears from his narrative to have been
near Gythium. But notwithstanding these authorities, it may be questioned whether
there was a town of the name of Asine in Laconia. Pausanias, in describing the
same event as Polybius, says that Philip was repulsed before Las, which originally
stood on the summit of Mt. Asia. (Paus. iii. 24. § 6.) There can therefore be
no doubt that the Las of Pausanias and the Asine of Polybius are the same place;
and the resemblance between the names Asia and Asine probably led Polybius into
the error of calling Las by the latter name; an error which was the more likely
to arise, because Herodotus and Thucydides speak of the Messenian Asine as a town
in Laconia, since Messenia formed a part of Laconia at the time when they wrote.
The error of Polybius was perpetuated by Strabo and Stephanus, and has found its
way into most modern works.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited May 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΓΥΘΕΙΟΝ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΛΑΚΩΝΙΑ
Guthion, Gythium, Gutheion, Gytheum, Eth. Gutheates. An ancient Achaean
town in Laconia, situated near the head of the Laconian gulf, south-west of the
mouth of the Eurotas, at the distance of 240 stadia from Sparta according to Strabo,
and 30 Roman miles according to the Table. This distance agrees with the 43 kilometres
which the French commission found to be the distance by the road from the ruins
of Gythium to the theatre of Sparta. In Polybius Gythium is said to be 30 stadia
from Sparta; but this number is evidently corrupt. and for peri triakonta we ought
to read with Muller peri triakosia. (Polyb. v. 19.) Gythium stood upon the small
stream Gythius (Mela, ii. 3), in a fertile and well-cultivated plain. (Polyb.
v. 19.) Its cheeses are celebrated in one of Lucian's dialogues. (Dial. Meretsr.
14.) After the Dorian conquest it became the chief maritime town in Laconia, and
was therefore regarded as the port of Sparta. It was also the ordinary station
of their ships of war. Accordingly, when war broke out between Athens and Sparta,
Gythium was one of the first places which the Athenians attacked with their superior
fleet; and in B.C. 455 it was burnt by Tolmidas, the Athenian commander. (Thuc.
i. 102; Diod. xi. 84.) On the invasion of Laconia by Epaminondas in B.C. 370,
after the battle of Leuctra, he advanced as far south as Gythium, but was unable
to take it, though he laid siege to it for three days. (Xen. Hell. vi. 5. 32)
Even then it must have been well fortified, but its fortifications appear to have
been still further increased by the tyrant Nabis; and when it was taken by the
Romans in 195 it is described by Livy as valida urbs, et multitudine civium incolarumque
et omni bellico apparatu instructa (xxxiv. 29). Augustus made it one of the Eleuthero-Laconian
towns; and under the Roman empire it again became a place of importance, as is
shown by its ruins, which belong almost exclusively to the Roman period. Its port,
according to the information received by Strabo, was artificial (echei d, hos
phasi, to naustathmon orukton, Strab. viii).
Pausanias saw in the market-place of Gythium statues of Apollo and
Hercules, who were reputed to be the founders of the city; near them a statue
of Dionysus; and on the other side of the market-place a statue of Apollo Carneius,
a temple of Ammon, a brazen statue of Asclepius, the temple of which had no roof,
a fountain sacred to this god, a sanctuary of Demeter, and a statue of Poseidon
Gaeaochus. A fountain still flowing between the shore and the Acropolis seems
to have been the above-mentioned fountain of Asclepius, and thus indicates the
site of the Agora. On the Acropolis was a temple of Athena; and the gates of Castor
mentioned by Pausanias appear to have led from the lower city to the citadel.
(Paus. iii. 21. § § 8, 9.) Opposite Gythium was the island Crania, whither Paris
was said to have carried off Helen from Sparta.
The coast on the mainland south of Gythium was said to have derived
its name of Migonium (Milonion from the union of Paris and Helen on the opposite
island. On this coast was a temple of Aphrodite Migonitis. and above it a mountain
sacred to Dionysus called Larysium (Larusion), where a festival was celebrated
to this god in the beginning of spring. (Paus. iii. 22. § 1.) Pausanias further
describes, at the distance of three stadia from Gythium, a stone on which Orestes
is said to have been relieved from his madness. This stone was called Zeus (according
to Sylburg, leus) kappotas, i. e. katapautes, the Reliever. The town Marathonisi,
which was built at the beginning of the present century, and is the chief port
of the district Mani, occupies the site of Migonium; and the hill above it, called
Kumaro, is the ancient Larysium. The remains of Gythium, called Paleopoli, are
situated a little north of Marathonisi. They lie upon the slope of some small
hills, and in the plain between them and the sea. These remains, which are considerable,
belong chiefly to the Roman period, as has been already stated. Near the edge
of the shore are the remains of two large buildings, probably Roman baths, consisting
of several small rooms and divisions. The foundations of buildings may also be
seen under water. Ninety yards inland from the shore, on the slope of the larger
hill, are the remains of the theatre, built of white marble. Some of the marble
seats still remain in their places, but most of them have disappeared, as the
space enclosed by the theatre has been converted into a vineyard. The diameter
appears to have been about 150 feet. From 50 to 100 feet from the theatre, in
a slight hollow between the hills, are the ruins of a Roman building of considerable
size. The Acropolis was on the top of the hill above the theatre, but of its walls
there are only a few fragments. All round the town, and especially on the hills,
are twenty or thirty ruins of small buildings of tiles and mortar, in the Roman
style, containing niches in the walls. These were Roman sepulchres: one of them
was excavated by Ross, who found there some sepulchral lamps.
On the left of the road from Paleodpoli to Marathonisi is an inscription
on the rock, which has not yet been deciphered; and close to it, hewn in the rock,
is a chair with a foot-step, which appears to be the spot where Orestes was said
to have been relieved from his madness. Most of the inscriptions found at Palepoli
are of the Roman period.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΚΡΑΝΑΗ (Νησί) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Cranae (Kranae), an island in the Laconian gulf, opposite Gytheium,
whither Paris carried off Helen from Sparta. This little island, now called Marathonisi,
is described by a modern traveller as low and flat, and at the distance of only
100 yards from the shore. The ruined foundation of a temple supports at present
a Greek chapel. (Hom. Il. iii. 442; Paus. iii. 22. § 1; Walpole's Memoirs, vol.
i. p. 58.)
ΛΑΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
La, Eth. Laos. One of the most ancient towns of Laconia, situated
upon the western coast of the Laconian gulf. It is the only town on the coast
mentioned by Scylax between Taenarus and Gythium. Scylax speaks of its port; but,
according to Pausanias, the town itself was distant 10 stadia from the sea, and
40 stadia from Gythium. (Paus. iii. 24. § 6.) In the time of Pausanias the town
lay in a hollow between the three mountains, Asia, Ilium, and Cnacadium; but the
old town stood on the summit of Mt. Asia. The name of Las signified the rock on
which it originally stood. It is mentioned by Homer (Il. ii. 585), and is said
to have been destroyed by the Dioscuri, who hence derived the surname of Lapersae.
(Strab. viii.; Steph. B. s. v. La.) There was also a mountain in Laconia called
Lapersa. (Steph. B. s. v. Lapersa.) In the later period it was a place of no importance.
Livy speaks of it as vicus maritimus (xxxviii. 30), and Pausanias mentions the
ruins of the city on Mt. Asia. Before the walls he saw a statue of Hercules, and
a trophy erected over the Macedonians who were a part of Philip's army when he
invaded Laconia; and among the ruins he noticed a statue of Athena Asia. The modern
town was near a fountain called Galaco (Talako), from the milky colour of its
water, and near it was a gymnasium, in which stood an ancient statue of Hermes.
Besides the ruins of the old town on Mt. Asia, there were also buildings on the
two other mountains mentioned above: on Mt. Ilium stood a temple of Dionysus,
and on the summit a temple of Asclepius; and on Mt. Cnacadium a temple of Apollo
Carneius.
Las is spoken of by Polybius (v. 19) and Strabo under the name of
Asine; and hence it has been supposed that some of the fugitives from Asine in
Argolis may have settled at Las, and given their name to the town. But, notwithstanding
the statement of Polybius, from whom Strabo probably copied, we have given reasons
elsewhere for believing that there was no Laconian town called Asine; and that
the mistake probably arose from confounding Asine with Asia, on which Las originally
stood.
Las stood upon the hill of Passava, which is now crowned by the ruins
of a fortress of the middle ages, among which, however, Leake noticed, at the
southern end of the eastern wall, a piece of Hellenic wall, about 50 paces in
length, and two-thirds of the height of the modern wall. It is formed of polygonal
blocks of stone, some four feet long and three broad. The fountain Galaco is the
stream Turkovrysa, which rises between the hill of Passava and the village of
Karvela, the latter being one mile and a half west of Passava.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΠΥΡΡΙΧΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
Purrhichos. A town of Laconia, situated about the centre of the promontory
ending in Cape Taenarum, and distant 40 stadia from the river Scyras. According
to some it derived its name from Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, according to others
from Pyrrhicus, one of the Curetes. Silenus was also said to have been brought
up here. It contained temples of Artemis Astrateia and of Apollo Amazonius,--the
two surnames referring to the tradition that the Amazons did not proceed further
than this place. There was also a well in the agora. The ruins of this town have
been discovered by the French Commission near the village of Kavalo, where they
found the well of which Pausanias speaks, the torso of a female statue, the remains
of baths, and several Roman ruins. Leake observes that the distance of 40 stadia
from the Scyras to Pyrrhichus must be measured, not from the mouth of that river,
as Boblaye proposes, but from near its sources. Augustus made Pyrrhichus one of
the Eleuthero-Laconian towns.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΤΑΙΝΑΡΟΝ (Ακρωτήρι) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
Taenarum (Tainaron, Herod. Strab. et alii; he Tainaria akra, Ptol.
iii. 16. § 9), a promontory at the extremity of Laconia, and the most southerly
point of Europe, now called C. Matapan. The name of Taenarum, however, was not
confined to the extreme point bearing the name of Matapan. It has been shown by
Leake that it was the name given to the peninsula of circular form about seven
miles in circumference, which is connected with the end of the great Taygetic
promontory by an isthmus about half a mile wide in a direct distance. Hence Taenarum
is correctly described by Strabo as an akte ekkeimene (viii. p. 363). Leake conjectures
with great probability that Matapan is merely another form of Metopon, which may
bave been the name given by the ancients to the southern extremity of the peninsula.
(Morea, vol. i. p. 301.) On either side of the isthmus, which connects the promontory
of Taenarum with that of Taygetus, is a bay, of which the one on the east is called
Porto Quaglio, corrupted into Kaio, and the one on the west Marinari or Marmari.
The name of Quaglio was given to the eastern bay by the Venetians, because it
was the last place in Europe at which the quails rested in the autumn before crossing
over to Crete and Cyrene. Porto Quaglio is one of the best harbours in Laconia,
being sheltered from the S. and SE.; it is nearly circular, with a narrow entrance,
a fine sandy bottom, and depth of water for large ships. Porto Marmari is described
as only a dangerous creek. In the Taenarian peninsula there are also two ports
on its eastern side, of which the northern, called Vathy, is a long narrow inlet
of the sea, while the southern, called Asomato or Kisternes, is very small and
ill sheltered. A quarter of a mile southward of the inner extremity of the last-mentioned
port, a low point of rock projects into the sea from the foot of the mountain,
which, according to the inhabitants of the peninsula, is the real C. Matapan.
The western side of the peninsula is rocky and harbourless.
The whole of the Taenarian peninsula was sacred to Poseidon, who appears
to have succeeded to the place of Helios, the more ancient god of the locality.
(Hom Hymn. in Apoll. 411.) At the extremity of this peninsula was the temple of
Poseidon, with an asylum, which enjoyed great celebrity down to a late period.
It seems to have been an ancient Achaean sanctuary before the Dorian conquest,
and to have continued to be the chief sacred place of the Perioeci and Helots.
The great earthquake, which reduced Sparta to a heap of ruins in B.C. 464, was
supposed to have been owing to the Lacedaemonians having torn away some suppliant
Helots from this sanctuary. (Thuc. i. 128, 133; Paus. iii. 25. § 4; Strab. viii.
p. 363; Eurip. Cycl. 292.) Near the sanctuary was a cavern, through which Hercules
is said to have dragged Cerberus to the upper regions. (Paus. Strab. ll. cc.;
Pind. Pyth. iv. 77; Taenariae fauces, Virg. Georg. iv. 467; Taenarus aperta umbris,
Lucan ix.36.) There is a slight difference between Strabo and Pausanias in the
position of the cave; the former placing it near the temple, which agrees with
present appearances (see below); the latter describing the cave itself as the
temple, before which stood a statue of Poseidon. Among the many dedicatory offerings
to Poseidon the most celebrated was the brazen statue of Arion seated on a dolphin,
which was still extant in the time of Pausanias. (Herod. i. 23, 24.) The temple
was plundered for the first time by the Aetolians. (Polyb. ix. 34.)
Taenarum is said to have taken its name from Taenarus, a son either
of Zeus or Icarius or Elatus. (Paus. iii. 14. § 2; Steph. B. s. v.; Schol. ad
Apoll. Rhod. i. 102.) Bochart derives the word from the Phoenician tinar rupes
(Geograph. Sacra, p. 459); and it is not improbable that the Phoenicians may have
had a settlement on the promontory at an early period.
Pausanias (iii. 25. § 4) mentions two harbours in connection with
the Taenarian promontory, called respectively Psamathus (Psamathous), and the
Harbour of Achilles (ho limen Achilleios). Scylax also mentions these two harbours,
and describes them as situated back to back (antipulos). Strabo (viii. p. 373)
speaks of the former of these two harbours under the name of Amathus (Amathous),
but omits to mention the Harbour of Achilles. It would appear that these two harbours
are the Porto Quaglio and the port of Vathy mentioned above, as these are the
two most important in the peninsula. Leake identifies Psamathus with Quaglio,
and the Harbour of Achilles with Vathy, but the French Commission reverse these
positions. We have, however, no doubt that Leake is correct; for the ancient remains
above the Porto Quaglio, the monastery on the heights, and the cultivated slopes
and levels, show that the Taenarian population has in all ages been chiefly collected
here. Moreover, no ancient writers speak of a town in connection with the Harbour
of Achilles, while Strabo and others describe Amathus or Psamathus as a polis.
(Steph. B. s. v. Psamathous; cf. Aeschin. Ep. 1; Plin. iv. 5. s. 8.) If we were
to take the description of Scylax literally, Psamathus would be Porto Quaglio,
and the Harbour of Achilles Porto Marmari; and accordingly, they are so identified
by Curtius; but it is impossible to believe that the dangerous creek of Marmari
is one of the two harbours so specifically mentioned both by Scylax and Pausanias.
The remains of the celebrated temple of Poseidon still exist at Asomato,
or Kisternes, close to C. Matapan on the eastern side. They now form part of a
ruined church; and the ancient Hellenic wall may be traced on one side of the
church. Leake observes that the church, instead of facing to the east, as Greek
churches usually do, faces southeastward, towards the head of the port, which
is likely to have been the aspect of the temple. No remains of columns have been
found. A few paces north-east of the church is a large grotto in the rock, which
appears to be the cave through which Hercules was supposed to have dragged Cerberus;
but there is no appearance of any subterranean descent, as had been already remarked
by Pausanias. In the neighbourhood there are several ancient cisterns and other
remains of antiquity.
There were celebrated marble quarries in the Taenarian peninsula.
(Strab. viii. p. 367.) Pliny describes the Taenarian marble as black (xxxvi. 18.
s. 29, 22. s. 43); but Sextus Empiricus (Pyrrh. Hypot. i. 130) speaks of a species
that was white when broken to pieces, though it appeared yellow in the mass. Leake
inquired in vain for these quarries.
At the distance of 40 stadia, or 5 English miles, north of the isthmus
of the Taenarian peninsula, was the town Taenabum or Taenaus, subsequently called
Caenepolis (Kainepolis, Paus. iii. 25. § 9; Kaine, Ptol. iii. 16. § 9; Plin. iv.
15. s. 16; Steph. B. s. v. Tainaros; the same town is probably mentioned by Strab.
viii. p. 360, under the corrupt form Kinaidion.) It contained a temple of Demeter
and another of Aphrodite, the latter near the sea. The modern village of Kyparisso
stands on the site of this town. Some ancient remains and inscriptions of the
time of the Antonines and their successors have been found here. On the door-posts
of a small ruined church are two inscribed quadrangular stelai, decorated with
mouldings above and below. One of the inscriptions is a decree of the Taenarii,
and the other is by the community of the Eleuthero-Lacones (to koinon ton Eleutherolakonon).
We have the testimony of Pausanias (iii. 21. § 7) that Caenepolis was one of the
Eleuthero-Laconian cities; and it would appear from the above-mentioned inscription
that the maritime Laconians, when they were delivered from the Spartan yoke, formed
a confederation and founded as their capital a city in the neighbourhood of the
revered sanctuary of Poseidon. The place was called the New Town (Caenepolis);
but, as we learn from the inscriptions, it continued to be also called by its
ancient name. For the inscriptions relating to Taenarum, see Bockh, Inscr. no.
1315-1317, 1321, 1322, 1389, 1393, 1483. (On the topography of the Taenarian peninsula,
see Leake, Morea, vol. i. p 290, seq., Peloponnesiaca, p. 175, seq.; Boblaye,
Recherches, &c., p. 89, seq.; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. p. 277, seq.)
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited July 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΤΕΥΘΡΩΝΗ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
A town of Laconia, situated upon the western side of the Laconian
gulf, 150 stadia from Cape Taenarum. It was said to have been founded by the Athenian
Teuthras. The chief deity worshipped here was Artemis Issoria. It had a fountain
called Naia. Its ruins exist at the village of Kotrones, and its citadel occupied
a small peninsula, called Skopos, Skopia or Skopopolis. The distance assigned
by Pausanias of 150 stadia from Teuthrone to Cape Taenarum is, according cording
to the French Commission, only from 8 to 10 stadia ill excess. Augustus made Teuthrone
one of the Eleuthero-Laconian towns.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΤΡΙΝΑΣΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Trinasos, Trinassos. A town or rather fortress of Laconia, situated
upon a promontory near the head of the Laconian gulf, and 30 stadia above Gythium.
It is opposite to three small rocks, which gave their name to the place. The modern
village is for the same reason still called Trinisa (Ta Trinesa). There are considerable
remains of the ancient walls. The place was built in a semi-circular form, and
was not more than 400 or 500 yards in circuit.
This text is from: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) (ed. William Smith, LLD). Cited June 2004 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΑΙΓΙΛΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
A town in Laconia, where Demeter had a temple. Aristomenes,
the Messenian leader, endeavoured on one occasion to seize a party of Laconian
women who were celebrating here the rites of the goddess. The attempt failed,
through the courageous resistance of the women, and Aristomenes himself was
taken prisoner. He was released, however, the same night, by Archidamea, the
priestess of Demeter, who had before this cherished an affection for him.
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ΓΥΘΕΙΟΝ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΛΑΚΩΝΙΑ
An ancient seaport town of Laconia, situated near the head of the Laconian Gulf, southwest of the mouth of the river Eurotas. In the Second Persian War, the Spartan fleet was stationed here, and here the Athenians under Tolmides burned the Spartan arsenal in B.C. 455.
ΚΡΑΝΑΗ (Νησί) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Kranae. The island to which Paris first carried Helen from Peloponnesus. Its locality is uncertain, but some identify it with Cythera.
ΛΑΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
An ancient town of Laconia, on the east side of the Laconian Gulf, ten stadia from the sea, and south of Gytheum ( Thuc.viii. 91).
ΤΑΙΝΑΡΟΝ (Ακρωτήρι) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
Now Cape Matapan; a promontory in Laconia, forming the southerly
point of the Peloponnesus, on which stood a celebrated temple of Poseidon, possessing
an inviolable asylum. A little to the north of the temple and the harbour of Achilleus
was a town also called Taenarum or Taenarus, and at a later time Caenepolis. On
the promontory was a cave, through which Heracles is said to have dragged Cerberus
to the upper world. Here also was a statue of Arion seated on a dolphin, since
he is said to have landed at this spot after his miraculous preservation by a
dolphin. In the time of the Romans there were celebrated marble quarries on the
promontory.
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At oracles of the dead (psuchomanteia) the souls of deceased persons were evoked in order to give the information desired. Thus, in Homer ( Od.xi), Odysseus betakes himself to the entrance of the lower world to question the spirit of the seer Tiresias. Oracles of this kind were especially common in places where it was supposed there was an entrance to the lower world; as at the city of Cichyrus in Epirus (where there was an Acherusian lake as well as the rivers of Acheron and Cocytus, bearing the same names as those of the world below), at the promontory of Taenarum in Laconia, at Heraclea in Pontus, and at Lake Avernus, near Cumae, in Italy. At most of them oracles were also given in dreams; but there were some in which the inquirer was in a waking condition when he conjured up the spirits whom he wished to question.
This extract is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Apr 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
ΜΑΥΡΟΒΟΥΝΙ (Οικισμός) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Πρώην κοινότητα που έχει υπαχθεί στο Δήμο Γυθείου. Γραφικός οικισμός με παραδοσιακά κτίσματα και πλατιές αμμουδιές σε υπέροχη παραλία. Στο λόφο διακρίνουμε τη καστροκατοικία του Τζανέτου Γρηγοράκη (ή Γουλάδες ή Μπεάνικα) με πυργάκια, τοξωτή πύλη και διώροφο παλάτι, ενώ δίπλα είναι η εκκλησία του Αη Γιάννη. Αξιόλογη η εκκλησία της Παναγίας, με σπάνιες αγιογραφίες.
ΤΑΙΝΑΡΟΝ (Ακρωτήρι) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
A promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble
Town and port at the back of the Gulf of Lakonia. It is to the W of
the mouth of the Eurotas and some 45 km from Sparta (Strab. 8.5.2; Paus. 3.21.6).
Legend says it was founded jointly by Herakles and Apollo, reconciled after their
quarrel over the Delphic tripod. It is on the small island of Kranai, ca. 100
m from the shore and to the S of the ancient city, that Paris is supposed to have
first united with Helen (Il. 3.445). And in fact, it is there that the most ancient
archaeological remains have been found (Mycenaean sherds, obsidian laminae). Nothing
is known of the town in the archaic period. Protogeometric vases, doubtless from
a necropolis, have been found on the Mavrovouni mound 3 km to the SW. A text of
a religious prohibition was cut into the rock in the 6th c. (IG v.1, 1155). Gythion
must have been used by Sparta from a rather early time as both a port and arsenal.
It is mentioned as such in all the conflicts in which Sparta was involved. It
was ravaged in 456-455 by the Athenian admiral Tolmides (Thuc. 1108.5; Diod. 11.84;
Paus. 1.27.5), closely watched by Alkibiades in 408 (Xen. Hell. 1.4.11), and having
been taken in 369 by the Thebans of Epaminondas (ibid. 6.5.32) after a three day
siege, it was recaptured by the Spartans shortly before 362 (Polyaen. 2.9). In
218, Philip V of Macedon devastated the surrounding countryside but did not attack
the city itself (Polyb. 5.19.6). In 195, Nabis concentrated his fleet there and
made the town a point of strategic support. But attacked by Flamininus, the garrison
surrendered in exchange for permission to withdraw to Sparta (Livy 34.29). In
the treaty concluded shortly afterwards the city was given autonomy, and the title
of savior was consequently conferred on Flamininus (IG v.1, 1165), Nabis attacked
the city again in 193, and took it in 192. After his death it appears to have
been under Achaian control until 146 B.C. Then it was a member of the Eleutheriolakonian
League. In 72-71 M. Antonius Creticus taxed it heavily for his campaign against
the pirates (IG v.1, 1146). Under the Empire it instituted a festival in which
divine honors were rendered to Augustus, Livia, Flamininus, and Tiberius, despite
the fact that the latter at first refused them. Gytheion struck bronze coinage
under Septimius Severus, Caracalla, and Geta, and appears to have been prosperous
up to the 4th c. A.D.
The only excavations--and these have been only very summarily published--have
been of the theater and its surroundings, where a Kaisareion must have been located.
The tiers of the theater are well preserved. The modern town has covered the ancient
one, and certain monuments visible in the 19th c. are no longer so today, as,
for example, the great niche cut into the rock and bearing an inscription mentioning
Zeus Terastios (IG v.1, 1154). A few remains of Roman buildings are to be seen
on the hill to the N of the theater. Walls can be made out under the sea at the
point where the shore turns to the NE. A small museum has been installed in the
local college, but several important pieces disappeared shortly before 1939, and
others have been taken to the museum at Sparta.
C. Le Roy, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΛΑΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Town mentioned in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.585). Legend gives
it an eponymous founder (Paus. 3.24.10) and adds that it was captured by the Dioskouroi
(Strab. 8.5.4) and that the Heraklidai used its port after their victory. The
importance of this port in historic times is illustrated by the fact that the
Spartan fleet called there in 411 (Thuc. 8.91-92) and that the Lakedaimonians
attacked it in 189 (Livy 3 8.30-31) in order to obtain access to the sea. Under
the Empire, it was sufficiently prosperous to coin money under Septimius Severus,
Caracalla, and Geta.
The site of the Homeric city was supposed to be Mount Asia, which
is identified with the hill of Passava, on which is built a Frankish castle with
large blocks of ancient masonry visible in its walls. But one cannot be sure,
given the absence of any Mycenaean sherds. On the other hand, numerous chance
finds from the Hellenistic and Roman periods have been made on the plain. The
port may have been situated either at Vathi, on the coast, or a little to the
S at Ayeranos, which can be identified as the site of the Arainos mentioned by
Pausanias together with Las.
C. Leroy, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΠΥΡΡΙΧΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
Town situated in the center of the Mama on the only road crossing
the peninsula to the S of Gytheion. The city was a member of the Eleutherolakonian
League (Paus. 3.21.7 and 25.1). The site has been identified with the modern village
of Kavalos (now renamed Pyrrhichos), in the environs of which is a place called
Pourko whose name could be seen as derived from the ancient name. The area has
not been excavated, and except for a few lintels and reused architectural fragments,
nothing is today visible. Some chance finds (inscriptions, coins, etc.) have vanished
or have been taken to the museum at Gytheion.
C. Le Roy, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Sep 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΤΑΙΝΑΡΟΝ (Ακρωτήρι) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
A promontory at the S tip of the center peninsula. The isthmus connecting
with the mainland is flanked by two harbors, Psamathos (Amathous) on the E and
Achilleus on the W. Pausanias saw there a temple resembling a cave with an image
of Poseidon, and Plutarch mentions an oracle of the dead. The remains of the sanctuary,
which served as a refuge for criminals, are near the Church of the Asomaton, which
employed some of the blocks. The temple was partly cut from the rock and partly
built with rough stones. A door on the N side opened into a passage that bisected
the building, leaving large rooms on the E and W. Herakles was supposed to have
dragged Kerberos from Hades through a cave nearby. On the W side of the peninsula
at Kyparissos there was a settlement in the Roman Imperial period, nicknamed Caenopolis
(New Town) but in official inscriptions called “the town of the Tainarians.” There
are ancient remains in the vicinity which may indicate the sites of the Temple
of Aphrodite and Megaron of Demeter mentioned by Pausanias.
M. H. Mc Allister, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΤΕΥΘΡΩΝΗ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
Town and port at the back of the Bay of Kolokythia in the Gulf of
Lakonia, close to the modern village of Kotronas. The oldest settlement is on
Cape Skopa, a former islet now attached to the coast. The site was occupied from
the end of the Neolithic to the Middle Helladic period. No Mycenaean or Geometric
remains have been found, but given the lack of any systematic excavation, no conclusions
can be drawn from this. The agglomeration then spread onto the mainland. There
is an archaic remnant, a baetyl decorated with a ram's head and dating probably
from the end of the 7th c., but the majority of the chance finds or visible remains
date from the Hellenistic-Roman period. Under the Empire, Teuthrone was one of
the cities of the Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7 and 25.4). An inscription
testifies to the presence of a gymnasium. A paved room near Cape Skopa suggests
a bathing establishment. Inscriptions, reliefs, architectural fragments, and remains
of mosaics have also been found. The houses of Kotronas and of the neighboring
village of Phlomochori contain much reused marble from the site.
C. Le Roy, ed.
This text is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites,
Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Nov 2002 from
Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.
ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ (Δήμος) ΛΑΚΩΝΙΑ
ΑΓΕΡΑΝΟΣ (Οικισμός) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
One of the most beautifull beaches of Laconia , Located only
15 miles South of Gyhtio.
ΚΟΚΚΑΛΑ (Χωριό) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
Kokala with its beautiful bays. Is is build ampitheatrically round a small bay , the anchorage of fishing-boats. To its south side there is a lovely bay of blue-green waters.
ΚΡΑΝΑΗ (Νησί) ΓΥΘΕΙΟ
Paris stayed here with the Beautiful Helen. The Phonenicians set up a work shop for the elaboration of porphyra. Janetakis Tower, the tower of the famous family of the Gregorakedes, is in the middle of the islet ( It houses the Historical and Ethnological museum of Mani). The islet in 1898 was linked with the mainland by a platform.
This text is cited Apr 2003 from the Laconian Professionals URL below, which contains image.
ΛΑΓΙΑ (Χωριό) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
One of the most traditional villages in Mani.
ΠΟΡΤΟ ΚΑΓΙΟ (Λιμάνι) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
ΑΧΙΛΛΕΙΟΝ (Αρχαίο λιμάνι) ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗ ΜΑΝΗ
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