Εμφανίζονται 11 τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Ομηρικός κόσμος για το τοπωνύμιο: "ΑΙΓΑΙ Αρχαία πόλη ΕΥΒΟΙΑ".
Ευβοϊκή πόλη, που αναφέρεται από τον Ομηρο (Ιλ. Ν 21, Οδ. ε 380).
Γιος του Κρόνου και της Ρέας, ο Ομηρος αναφέρει το παλάτι του στις Αιγές (Οδ. ε 380).
Poseidon, the god of the Mediterranean sea. His name seems to be connected
with potos, pontos and potamos, according to which he is the god of the fluid
element. He was a son of Cronos and Rhea (whence he is called Kronios and by Latin
poets Saturnius, Pind. Ol. vi. 48; Virg. Aen. v. 799). He was accordingly a brother
of Zeus, Hades, Hera, Hestia and Demeter, and it was determined by lot that he
should rule over the sea. (Hom. Il. xiv. 156, xv. 187, Hes. Theog, 456). Like
his brothers and sisters, he was, after his birth, swallowed by his father Cronos,
but thrown up again. (Apollod. i. 1) According to others, he was concealed by
Rhea, after his birth, among a flock of lambs, and his mother pretended to have
given birth to a young horse, which she gave to Cronos to devour. A well in the
neighbourhood of Mantineia, where this is said to have happened, was believed,
from this circumstance, to have derived the name of the "Lamb's Well," or Arne
(Paus. viii. 8). According to Tzetzes (ad Lycoph. 644) the nurse of Poseidon bore
the name of Arne; when Cronos searched after his son, Arne is said to have declared
that she knew not where he was, and from her the town of Arne was believed to
have received its name. According to others, again, he was brought up by the Telchines
at the request of Rhea. (Diod. v. 55). In the earliest poems, Poseidon is described
as indeed equal to Zeus in dignity, but weaker. (Hom. Il. viii. 210, xv. 165,
186, 209; comp. xiii. 355, Od. xiii. 148). Hence we find him angry when Zeus,
by haughty words, attempts to intimidate him; nay, he even threatens his mightier
brother, and once he conspired with Hera and Athena to put him into chains (Hom.
Il. xv. 176, &c., 212, comp. i. 400.); but, on the other hand, we also find him
yielding and submissive to Zeus (viii. 440). The palace of Poseidon was
in the depth of the sea near Aegae in Euboea (xiii. 21; Od. v. 381),
where he kept his horses with brazen hoofs and golden manes. With these horses
he rides in a chariot over the waves of the sea, which become smooth as he appreaches,
and the monsters of the deep recognise him and play around his chariot. (Il. xiii.
27, comp. Virg. Aen. v. 817, &c., i. 147; Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1240, &c). Generally
he himself put his horses to his chariot, but sometimes he was assisted by Amphitrite.
(Apollon. Rhod. i. 1158, iv. 1325; Eurip. Androm. 1011; Virg. Aen. v. 817). But
although he generally dwelt in the sea, still he also appears in Olympus in the
assembly of the gods. (Hom. II. viii. 440, xiii. 44, 352, xv. 161, 190, xx. 13).
Poseidon in conjunction with Apollo is said to have built the walls of Troy for
Laomedon (vii. 452; Eurip. Androm. 1014), whence Troy is called Neptunia Pergama
(Neptunus and Poseidon being identified, Ov. Fast. i. 525, Heroid. iii. 151; comp.
Virg. Aen. vi. 810). Accordingly, although he was otherwise well disposed towards
the Greeks, yet he was jealous of the wall which the Greeks built around their
own ships, and he lamented the inglorious manner in which the walls erected by
himself fell by the hands of the Greeks (Hom. Il. xii. 17, 28). When Poseidon
and Apollo had built the walls of Troy, Laomedon refused to give them the reward
which had been stipulated, and even dismissed them with threats (xxi. 443); but
Poseidon sent a marine monster, which was on the point of devouring Laomedon's
daughter, when it was killed by Heracles. ii. 5 Β§ 9.) For this reason Poseidon
like Hera bore an implacable hatred against the Trojans, from which not even Aeneas
was excepted (Hom. Il. xx. 293, &c.; comp. Virg. Aen. v. 810; Il. xxi. 459, xxiv.
26, xx. 312, &c.), and took an active part in the war against Troy, in which he
sided with the Greeks, sometimes witnessing the contest as a spectator from the
heights of Thrace, and sometimes interfering in person, assuming the appearance
of a mortal hero and encouraging the Greeks, while Zeus favoured the Trojans.
(Il. xiii. 12, &c., 44, &c., 209, 351, 357, 677, xiv. 136, 510). When Zeus permitted
the gods to assist whichever party they pleased, Poseidon joining the Greeks,
took part in the war, and caused the earth to tremble; he was opposed by Apollo,
who, however, did not like to fight against his uncle. (Il. xx. 23, 34, 57, 67,
xxi. 436, &c). In the Odyssey, Poseidon appears hostile to Odysseus, whom he prevents
from returning home in consequence of his having blinded Polyphemus, a son of
Poseidon by the nymph Thoosa. (Hom. Od. i. 20, 68, v. 286, &c., 366, &c., 423,
xi. 101, &e., xiii. 125; Ov. Trist. i. 2. 9).
Being the ruler of the sea (the Mediterranean), he is described as gathering clouds
and calling forth storms, but at the same he has it in his power to grant a successful
voyage and save those who are in danger, and all other marine divinities are subject
to him. As the sea surrounds and holds the earth, he himself is described as the
god who holds the earth (gaieochos), and who has it in his power to shake the
earth (enosichthon, kineter gas). He was further regarded as the creator of the
horse, and was accordingly believed to have taught men the art of managing horses
by the bridle, and to have been the originator and protector of horse races. (Hom.
Il. xxiii. 307, 584; Pind. Pyth. vi.50 ; Soph. Oed. Col. 712, &c). Hence he was
also represented on horseback, or riding in a chariot drawn by two or four horses,
and is designated by the epithets hippios, hippeios, or hippios anax (Paus. i.
30. Β§ 4, viii. 25. Β§ 5, vi. 20. Β§ 8, viii. 37. Β§ 7 ; Eurip. Phoen. 1707; comp.
Liv. i. 9, where he is called equester). In consequence of his connection with
the horse, he was regarded as the friend of charioteers (Pind. Ol. i. 63, Tzetz.
ad Lyc. 156), and he even metamorphosed himself into a horse, for the purpose
of deceiving Demeter. The common tradition about Poseidon creating the horse is
as follows : -- when Poseidon and Athena disputed as to which of them should give
the name to the capital of Attica, the gods decided, that it should receive its
name from him who should bestow upon man the most useful gift. Poseidon their
created the horse, and Athena called forth the olive tree, for which the honour
was conferred upon her. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 12). According to others, however,
Poseidon did not create the horse in Attica, but in Thessaly, where he also gave
the famous horses to Peleus (Lucan, PPhars. vi. 396, &c.; Hom. Il. xxiii. 277;
Apollod. iii. 13. Β§ 5).
The symbol of Poseidon's power was the trident, or a spear with three
points, with which he used to shatter rocks, to call forth or subdue storms, to
shake the earth, and the like. Herodotus (ii. 50, iv. 188) states, that the name
and worship of Poseidon was imported to the Greeks from Libya, but he was probably
a divinity of Pelasgian origin, and originally a personification of the fertilising
power of water, from which the transition to regarding him as the god of the sea
was not difficult. It is a remarkable circumstance that in the legends about this
divinity there are many in which he is said to have disputed the possession of
certain countries with other gods. Thus, in order to take possession of Attica,
he thrust his trident into the ground on the acropolis, where a well of sea-water
was thereby called forth; but Athena created the olive tree, and the two divinities
disputed, until the gods assigned Attica to Athena. Poseidon, indignant at this,
caused the country to be inundated (Herod. viii. 55; Apollod. iii. 14. Β§ 1 ;
Paus. i. 24. Β§ 3, Hygin. Fab. 164). With Athena he also disputed the possession
of Troezene, and at the command of Zeus he shared the place with her (Paus. ii.
30. Β§ 6 ). With Helios he disputed the sovereignty of Corinth, which along with
the isthmus was adjudged to him, while Helios received the acropolis. (ii. 1.
Β§ 6). With Hera he disputed the possession of Argolis, which was adjudged to
the former by Inachus, Cephissus, and Asterion, in consequence of which Poseidon
caused the rivers of these river-gods to be dried up (ii. 15. Β§ 5, 22. Β§ 5;
Apollod. ii. 1. Β§ 4). With Zeus, lastly, he disputed the possession of Aegina,
and with Dionysus that of Naxos (Plut. Sympos. ix. 6..) At one time Delphi belonged
to him in common with Gea, but Apollo gave him Calauria as a compensation for
it (Paus. ii. 33. Β§ 2, x. 5. Β§ 3; Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1243, with the Schol).
The following legends also deserve to be mentioned. In conjunction with Zeus he
fought against Cronos and the Titans (Apollod. i. 2. Β§ 1), and in the contest
with the Giants he pursued Polybotes across the sea as far as Cos, and there killed
him by throwing the island upon him (Apollod. i. 6. Β§ 2; Paus. i. 2. Β§ 4.) He
further crushed the Centaurs when they were pursued by Heracles, under a mountain
in Leucosia, the island of the Seirens. (Apollod. ii. 5. Β§ 4). He sued together
with Zeus for the hand of Thetis, but he withdrew when Themis prophesied that
the son of Thetis would be greater than his father (Apollod. iii. 13. Β§ 5; Tzetz.
ad Lye. 178). When Ares had been caught in the wonderful net by Hephaestus, the
latter set him free at the request of Poseidon (Hom. Od. viii. 344, &c.), but
Poseidon afterwards brought a charge against Ares before the Areiopagus, for having
killed his son Halirrhothius (Apollod. iii. 14. Β§ 2). At the request of Minos,
king of Crete, Poseidon caused a bull to rise from the sea, which the king promised
to sacri fice; but when Minos treacherously concealed the animal among a herd
of oxen, the god punished Minos by causing his daughter PasiphaΓ« to fall in love
with the bull. (Apollod. iii. Β§ 3 Periclymenus, who was either a son or a grandson
of Poseidon, received from him the power of as-suming various forms (i. 9. Β§
9, iii. 6. Β§ 8).
Poseidon was married to Amphitrite, by whom he had three children,
Triton, Rhode, and Benthesicyme (Hes. Theog. 930; Apollod. i. 4. Β§ 6, iii. 15.
Β§ 4); but he had besides a vast number of children by other divinities and mortal
women. He is mentioned by a variety of surnames, either in allusion to the many
legends related about him, or to his nature as the god of the sea. His worship
extended over all Greece and southern Italy, but he was more especially revered
in Peloponnesus (which is hence called oiketerion Poseidonos) and in the Ionic
coast towns. The sacrifices offered to him generally consisted of black and white
bulls (Hom. Od. iii. 6, Il. xx. 404; Pind. Ol. xiii. 98; Virg. Aen. v. 237); but
wild boars and rams were also sacrificed to him (Hom. Od. xi. 130, &c., xxiii.
277; Virg. Aen. iii. 119). In Argolis bridled horses were thrown into the well
Deine as a sacrifice to him (Paus. viii. 7. Β§ 2), and horse and chariot races
were held in his honour on the Corinthian isthmus (Pind. Nem. v. 66). The Panionia,
or the festival of all the lonians near Mycale, was celebrated in honour of Poseidon
(Herod. i. 148). In works of art, Poseidon may be easily recognised by his attributes,
the dolphin, the horse, or the trident (Paus. x. 36. Β§ 4), and he was frequently
represented in groups along with Amphitrite, Tritons, Nereids, dolphins, the Dioscuri,
Palaemon, Pegasus, Bellerophontes, Thalassa, Ino, and Galene (Paus. ii. 1. Β§
7). His figure does not present the majestic calm which characterises his brother
Zeus; but as the state of the sea is varying, so also is the god represented sometimes
in violent agitation, and sometimes in a state of repose (Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb.
i. p. 26). It must be observed that the Romans identified Poseidon with their
own Neptunus, and that accordingly the attributes belonging to the former are
constantly transferred by the Latin poets to the latter.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited April 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Poseidon. The god of the sea and the flowing waters--a name
connected with the root of potos, pontos, and potamos. He was the son of Cronos
and Rhea and dwelt in the sea, over which he ruled. With his brazen-hoofed horses
he was said to ride over the waves, which became smooth as he approached, and
the monsters of the deep recognized him and played around his chariot. Generally
he yoked his horses to his chariot himself, but sometimes he was assisted by Amphitrite.
Although he generally dwelt in the sea, still he also appears at Olympus in the
assembly of the gods. Poseidon, in conjunction with Apollo, is said to have built
the walls of Troy for Laomedon. Laomedon refused to give these gods the reward
which had been stipulated, and even dismissed them with threats. Poseidon, in
consequence, sent a marine monster, which was on the point of devouring Laomedon's
daughter, when it was killed by Heracles; and he continued to bear an implacable
hatred against the Trojans. He sided with the Greeks in the war against Troy,
sometimes witnessing the contest as a spectator from the heights of Thrace, and
sometimes interfering in person, assuming the appearance of a mortal hero and
encouraging the Greeks, while Zeus favoured the Trojans. In the Odyssey, Poseidon
appears hostile to Odysseus, whom he prevents from returning home in consequence
of his having blinded Polyphemus, a son of Poseidon by the nymph Thoosa.
Being the ruler of the sea (the Mediterranean), he is described
as gathering clouds and calling forth storms, but at the same time he has it in
his power to grant a successful voyage and save those who are in danger; and all
other marine divinities are subject to him. As the sea surrounds and holds the
earth, he himself is described as the god Poseidon. (Dolce Gem. ) who holds the
earth (gaieochos), and who has it in his power to shake the earth (enosichthon,
kineter gas). He was further regarded as the creator of the horse. It is said
that when Poseidon and Athene disputed as to which of them should give the name
to the capital of Attica, the gods decided that it should receive its name from
the deity who should bestow upon man the most useful gift. Poseidon then created
the horse, and Athene called forth the olive-tree, in consequence of which the
honour was conferred upon the goddess. According to others, however, Poseidon
did not create the horse in Attica, but in Thessaly, where he also gave the famous
horses to Peleus. Poseidon was accordingly believed to have taught men the art
of managing horses by the bridle, and to have been the originator and protector
of horse-races. Hence he was also represented on horseback, or riding in a chariot
drawn by two or four horses, and is designated by the epithets hippios, hippeios,
or hippios anax. He even metamorphosed himself into a horse for the purpose of
deceiving Demeter. The symbol of Poseidon's power was the trident, or a spear
with three points, with which he used to shatter rocks, to call forth or subdue
storms, to shake the earth, and the like. Herodotus states that the name and worship
of Poseidon were brought into Greece from Libya; but he was probably a divinity
of Pelasgian origin, and originally a personification of the fertilizing power
of water, from which the transition to regarding him as the god of the sea was
not difficult. The following legends respecting Poseidon deserve to be mentioned.
In conjunction with Zeus he fought against Cronos and the Titans; and in the contest
with the giants he pursued Polybotes across the sea as far as Cos, and there killed
him by throwing the island upon him. He further crushed the Centaurs when they
were pursued by Heracles, under a mountain in Leucosia, the island of the Sirens.
He sued, together with Zeus, for the hand of Thetis; but he withdrew when Themis
prophesied that the son of Thetis would be greater than his father. When Ares
had been caught in the wonderful net by Hephaestus, the latter set him free at
the request of Poseidon; but the latter god afterwards brought a charge against
Ares before the Areopagus for having killed his son Halirrhothius. At the request
of Minos, king of Crete, Poseidon caused a bull to rise from the sea, which the
king promised to sacrifice; but when Minos treacherously concealed the animal
among a herd of oxen, the god punished Minos by causing his wife Pasiphae to fall
in love with the bull.
Poseidon was married to Amphitrite, by whom he had three children,
Triton, Rhode, and Benthesicyme; but he had also a vast number of children by
other divinities and mortal women. His worship extended over all Greece and Southern
Italy, but he was more especially revered in Peloponnesus and in the Ionic towns
on the coast. The sacrifices offered to him generally consisted of black and white
bulls; but wild boars and rams were also sacrificed to him. Horse and chariot
races were held in his honour on the Corinthian Isthmus. The Panionia, or the
festival of all the Ionians near Mycale, was celebrated in honour of Poseidon.
In works of art, Poseidon may be easily recognized by his attributes, the dolphin,
the horse, or the trident, and he was frequently represented in groups along with
Amphitrite, Tritons, Nereids, dolphins. the Dioscuri, Palaemon, Pegasus, Bellerophontes,
Thalassa, Ino, and Galene. His figure does not present the majestic calm which
characterizes his brother Zeus; but as the state of the sea is varying, so also
is the god represented sometimes in violent agitation and sometimes in a state
of repose. For the Roman god corresponding to Poseidon, see Neptunus.
This text is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Aegaeus (Aigaios), a surname of Poseidon, derived from the town of Aegae in Euboea, near which he had a magnificent temple upon a hill. (Strab. ix.; Virg. Aen. iii. 74, where Servius erroneously derives the name from the Aegean sea.)
Hippocampe and Hippocampus (Hippokammpe and Hippokampos), the mythical sea-horse, which, according to the description of Pausanias (ii. 1), was a horse, but the part of its body down from the breast was that of a sea monster or fish. The horse appears even in the Homeric poems as the symbol of Poseidon, whose chariot was drawn over the surface of the sea by swift horses. The later poets and artists conceived and represented the horses of Poseidon and other marine divinities as a combination of a horse and a fish. (Hom. Il. xlii. 24, 29; Eurip. Androm. 1012; Virg. Georg. iv. 389; Philostr. Imag . i. 8; Stat. Theb. ii. 45)
Asphalius or Asphaleius (Asphalios or Asphaleios), a surname of Poseidon, under which he was worshipped in several towns of Greece. It describes him as the god who granta safety to ports and to navigation in general. (Strab. i.; Paus. vii. 21.; Plut. Thes. 36; Suid. s. v.)
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