gtp logo

Πληροφορίες τοπωνυμίου

Εμφανίζονται 100 (επί συνόλου 202) τίτλοι με αναζήτηση: Ιστορία  στην ευρύτερη περιοχή: "ΝΟΤΙΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟ Περιφέρεια ΕΛΛΑΔΑ" .


Ιστορία (202)

Ανάμεικτα

ΔΡΥΟΣ (Χωριό) ΠΑΡΟΣ
  Σήμερα είναι ένας από τους πιο γραφικούς παραλιακούς οικισμούς του νησιού. Ομως η ιστορία του είναι μεγάλη, καθώς ξεκινάει από την αρχαιότητα (νεώσοικοι, Πυργάκι) και κορυφώνεται την εποχή της Τουρκοκρατίας.
  Εδώ συγκεντρώνονταν τα πλοία απ’ όλο το Αιγαίο, για να καταβάλουν στον Καπουδάν πασά τον ετήσιο φόρο. Εδώ αγκυροβολούσαν ευρωπαϊκά πλοία για να ανεφοδιαστούν με νερό, που ήταν άφθονο στο χωριό. Ακόμη έχει στέρνες.
  Το 1652 έγινε μεγάλη ναυμαχία, κατά την οποία ο ενετικός στόλος νίκησε τον τουρκικό.
  Λένε ότι ο Δρυός αποτέλεσε και αγαπημένο θέρετρο των Τσάρων, οι οποίοι κατέβαιναν στην παραλία με την άμαξά τους μέσα από την οδό των ερώτων με τις πικροδάφνες στο πλάι.
Το κείμενο παρατίθεται το Φεβρουάριο 2004 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο του Δήμου Πάρου (2003)

ΚΑΡΠΑΘΟΣ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
  Το τελευταίο νησί στο Ν.Α. άκρο της Μεσογείου, το πιο μακρινό σύνορο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, υψώνεται αγέρωχα ορεινή ανάμεσα στην Κρήτη και τη Ρόδο καταμεσίς στο Καρπάθιο Πέλαγος. Η ιστορία της Κραπάθου, όπως είναι το όνομα του νησιού κατά τον Όμηρο, είναι αρχαιότατη. Αυτό αποδεικνύουν οι μινωικοί και μυκηναϊκοί τάφοι και οικισμοί της β χιλιετίας που μπορεί κάποιος να επισκεφτεί σε διάφορα σημεία του νησιού. Το 1000 π.Χ. το νησί κατακτούν οι Δωριείς. Στα κλασσικά και ελληνιστικά χρόνια η Κάρπαθος ακολουθεί την ταραγμένη ιστορία ολόκληρης της Ελλάδας. Το 42 π.Χ. υποδουλώνεται στους Ρωμαίους και αργότερα περνά στη Βυζαντινή κυριαρχία. Με την επανάσταση του 1821 απελευθερώνεται και το 1830 αποδίδεται ξανά στους Τούρκους βάσει συνθήκης. Το 1912 κατακτάται από τους Ιταλούς και παραμένει στην εξουσία τους μέχρι τον 1947, οπότε και ενσωματώνεται με την υπόλοιπη Ελλάδα.
Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται το Νοέμβριο 2003 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο του Δημοτικού Οργανισμού Τουρισμού Καρπάθου.

ΣΙΦΝΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
  Σαν προέκταση του Νεολιθικού, ο Κυκλαδικός Πολιτισμός αρχίζει περί το 3200 π.Χ. και αναπτύσσεται για 1200 χρόνια σε τρεις φάσεις: την Αρχαία, τη Μέση και την Ύστερη. Την παρουσία των Κυκλαδίτικων μηχανουργών, ναυπηγών και ναυτικών, διαδέχονται ο Μινωικός και αργότερα ο Μυκηναϊκός πολιτισμός.
  Η Σίφνος, μια σημαντική οντότητα της αρχαιότητας, έδωσε πολλά που παραμένουν ανεξιχνίαστα και, αν κρίνουμε από το ανεπανάληπτο κάλλος των γλυπτών του θησαυρού των Σιφνίων, θ’ άξιζε να ερευνηθούν.
  Στην αρχαιότητα η Σίφνος γνώρισε μεγάλη οικονομική ευμάρεια εξαιτίας των μεταλλείων χρυσού και αργύρου που βρίσκονταν στο νησί. Στην αρχή κατοικήθηκε από Κάρες και Φοίνικες και τότε ονομαζόταν "Ακίς" ή "Μερόπια". Αργότερα ονομάστηκε "Μίνωα" από τους Μίνωες που την κατοίκησαν. Στους νεώτερους χρόνους κατοικήθηκε από τους Ίωνες όπου και γνώρισε μεγάλη άνθιση, η οποία αποδεικνύεται από τον περίφημο θησαυρό των Σιφνίων, ο οποίος είναι σήμερα ένα από τα σημαντικά εκθέματα του Μουσείου των Δελφών. Προϊστορικά μνημεία υπάρχουν στο Καλαμίτσι, στον Αγιο Ανδρέα και στον Αγιο Νικήτα.
  Η Σίφνος πήρε μέρος στους Περσικούς Πολέμους και αργότερα έγινε μέλος της Αθηναϊκής Συμμαχίας. Την Ελληνιστική και Ρωμαϊκή περίοδο, όπως και όλα τα νησιά των Κυκλάδων, κατακτήθηκε από τη Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία και κατά τη Βυζαντινή περίοδο ανήκε στο "Θέμα" του Αιγαίου. Μεταξύ του 1207 και 1269 υπαγόταν στο Βενετικό Δουκάτο της Νάξου. Το 1537 λεηλατήθηκε από τον Μπαρμπαρόσα, αλλά μόλις το 1617 κατακτήθηκε από τους Τούρκους. Μέχρι τότε διοικείτο από τη δυναστεία των Γοζαδίνων. Η Σίφνος είχε ενεργό συμμετοχή στην επανάσταση του 1821 κι απελευθερώθηκε το 1836, όπως όλα τα άλλα νησιά των Κυκλάδων.
Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται τον Αύγουστο 2003 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο των κοινοτήτων Απολλωνίας και Αρτεμώνα.

ΣΥΜΗ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
  Η ιστορία του νησιού ξεκινά από τους αρχαίους χρόνους, από την μυθολογία. Η αρχαία ονομασία της ήταν Αίγλη, Μεταποντίς και Καρική. Πρώτοι κάτοικοι του νησιού θεωρούνται οι Κάρες και ο Λέλεγες.
  Η Σύμη αναφέρεται στην Ιλιάδα, στον πόλεμο της Τροίας στον οποίο συμμετείχε ο βασιλιάς της Νιρέας με τρία ποία. Ο Ηρόδοτος την αναφέρει σαν μέλος της Δωρικής Εξάπολης. Από το 480 η Σύμη ανήκει στην Αθηναϊκή Συμμαχία.
  Στην Ρωμαϊκή και την Βυζαντινή εποχή, η τύχη της είναι στενά συνδεδεμένη με της Ρόδου.
  Από το 1309 αρχίζει μια περίοδος ευημερίας για το νησί με την ανάπτυξη της ναυτιλίας, του εμπορίου, της σπογγαλιείας, της ναυπηγικής και των τεχνών. Αυτήν την περίοδο αρχίζει και η οικιστική ανάπτυξή της, η ομορφιά της οποία διατηρείται μέχρι σήμερα. Τα σπίτια άρχισαν να απλώνονται και έξω από το κάστρο αλλά συγχρόνως να εγκαταλείπονται και παλαιοί οικισμοί της. Την ίδια εποχή κτίζονται και οι περισσότερες εκκλησίες της.
  Το 1457 και 1485 αποκρούουν τουρκικές επιθέσεις. Το 1522, βλέποντας την ματαιότητα της αντίστασης και προσπαθώντας να διασώσουν όσα περισσότερα μπορούν, προσφέρουν δώρα στον σουλτάνο και καταφέρνουν να τους παραχωρηθούν πολλά προνόμια. Έτσι έχουν την ελευθερία της θρησκείας και της γλώσσας, με αποτέλεσμα την ανάπτυξη των γραμμάτων και των τεχνών. Εκτός αυτού τους παραχωρείται και το προνόμιο της σπογγαλιείας σε όλες τις θάλασσες της τουρκικής αυτοκρατορίας.
  Συμμετείχε στην απελευθέρωση του έθνους και ενίσχυε οικονομικά τον ελληνικό στόλο, σε τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα, εκτός των έκτακτων εισφορών στους Μπουμπουλίνα, Μιαούλη, Θέμελη και άλλους.
  Το 1832 η Σύμη επανέρχεται στην τουρκική κυριαρχία, και αντιδρά με κάθε τρόπο: το 1869 στην απόπειρα κατάργησης των προνομίων, το 1875 και 1885 στην απογραφή των κατοίκων, το 1908 στην δεύτερη απόπειρα κατάργησης προνομίων, μια και ότι κέρδιζε η Σύμη από τον αγώνα της για την διατήρηση των προνομίων, αποτελούσε κέρδος και για τα άλλα νησιά.
  Τον 1912 την τουρκική διαδέχεται η ιταλική κυριαρχία, η οποία και κράτησε μέχρι τις 25 Σεπτεμβρίου 1944, ημέρα που έγινε κι η ανατίναξη του κάστρου της και των γύρω συνοικιών. Στις 8 Μαϊου 1945 υπογράφεται το πρωτόκολλο παράδοσης της Δωδεκανήσου και στις 7 Μαρτίου 1948 γίνεται η ενσωμάτωση με το ελληνικό κράτος.
Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται το Νοέμβριο 2003 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο του Δήμου Σύμης.

Links

Αστυπάλαια

ΑΣΤΥΠΑΛΑΙΑ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
  Οι ελάχιστες μνείες των συγγραφέων και οι περισσότερες και ευγλωττότερες επιγραφές μας δείχνουν ότι η Αστυπαλιά ήταν γνωστή και ονομαστή από τους αρχαίους ιστορικούς χρόνους. Παλαιότεροι κάτοικοί της φέρονται οι Κάρες που την ονόμαζαν Πύρρα για το κοκκινωπό χρώμα του εδάφους της. Για αιώνες το νησί ανήκει στο μεγάλο ναυτικό κράτος του Μίνωα κι αργότερα δέχεται Αχαιούς αποίκους, προερχόμενους κατά μια μαρτυρία από τα Μέγαρα και κατ' άλλη από την Επίδαυρο.
  Και μόνο από τη γλώσσα βλέπουμε ότι το νησί συγκαταλέγεται στην μεγάλη δωρική οικογένεια. Στα μετά τους περσικούς πολέμους χρόνια η Αστυπάλαια ανήκει στην αθηναϊκή συμμαχία, όπως προκύπτει από τους φορολογικούς καταλόγους των Αθηνών.
  Η θέση της ευλίμενης Αστυπαλιάς στο Αιγαίο προκάλεσε ενωρίς το ενδιαφέρον των Ρωμαίων κι η συμμαχία ανάμεσα στον δήμο της νήσου και στη ρωμαϊκή σύγκλητο κράτησε αιώνες, αφού οι Ρωμαίοι χρησιμοποιούσαν την Αστυπαλιά ως ορμητήριο για την αντιμετώπιση των πειρατών του Αιγαίου, δίνοντας ταυτόχρονα στους κατοίκους εσωτερική αυτονομία. Μετά την άλωση της Κωνσταντινούπολης από τους Φράγκους, η Αστυπάλαια δόθηκε, το 1207, στον Ιωάννη Κιρίνι, ένα Βενετό ευγενή και τυχοδιώκτη. Από τότε και επί 4 αιώνες - με ένα διάλειμμα 64 χρόνων (1269-1333) κατά το οποίο την ανακατέλαβαν οι Βυζαντινοί - το νησί υπήρξε φέουδο του οίκου των Κιρίνι που κατείχαν επιπλέον την Τήνο και τη Μύκονο. Το 1341 ύστερα από μια άγρια επιδρομή του Εμίρη του Αϊδίνιου, Ομάρ Μπέη Μορβασάν, το νησί ερημώθηκε και έμεινε ακατοίκητο για 72 χρόνια. Το 1413 ο Ιωάννης Δ' Κιρίνι προσπάθησε να εγκαταστήσει αποίκους και να ιδρύσει νέα πόλη στη θέση της παλιάς, την οποία ονόμασε Αστυνέα. Η προσπάθειά του αυτή όμως δεν πέτυχε γιατί δεν τον ακολούθησαν αρκετοί κάτοικοι. Αργότερα άρχισε η εγκατάσταση νέων αποίκων και τότε ξανακτίστηκε η Αστυπάλαια. Στις 2 Οκτωβρίου 1540 την κατέλαβαν οι Τούρκοι και την περιέλαβαν στα "Δώδεκα προνομιούχα νησιά του Αιγαίου". Το 1821 η Αστυπάλαια προσχώρησε πρόθυμα στην Επανάσταση. Το 1830 στη διάσκεψη του Λονδίνου, που χάραξε τα όρια του νέου Ελληνικού Κράτους, το νησί παρέμεινε στη κατοχή της Τουρκίας μέχρι το 1912, οπότε και κατελήφθη από τους Ιταλούς. Η ιταλική κατοχή κράτησε μέχρι το 1943, και το 1947 η Αστυπάλαια δόθηκε στην Ελλάδα μαζί με όλα τα Δωδεκάνησα.

Το κείμενο παρατίθεται τον Οκτώβριο 2004 από την ακόλουθη ιστοσελίδα της Αναπτυξιακής Δωδεκανήσου Α.Ε.


Αξιόλογες επιλογές

The Melian dialogue

ΜΗΛΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Dialogus (dialogos). A dialogue. As a form of literary composition, apart from its purely dramatic use, the dialogue plays an important part in the history of Greek and Roman letters. The vividness and pungency of rapid question and reply were fully appreciated by the earliest writers. The Homeric poems abound in passages whose great dramatic force is due to the use of this form. Herodotus continually employs it to give picturesqueness and life to his narrative; and this is true even of Thucydides, in whose history the so-called Melian dialogue at the close of the fifth book

The next summer Alcibiades sailed with twenty ships to Argos and seized the suspected persons still left of the Lacedaemonian faction to the number of three hundred, whom the Athenians forthwith lodged in the neighboring islands of their empire. The Athenians also made an expedition against the isle of Melos with thirty ships of their own, six Chian, and two Lesbian vessels, sixteen hundred heavy infantry, three hundred archers, and twenty mounted archers from Athens, and about fifteen hundred heavy infantry from the allies and the islanders. The Melians are a colony of Lacedaemon that would not submit to the Athenians like the other islanders, and at first remained neutral and took no part in the struggle, but afterwards upon the Athenians using violence and plundering their territory, assumed an attitude of open hostility. Cleomedes, son of Lycomedes, and Tisias, son of Tisimachus, the generals, encamping in their territory with the above armament, before doing any harm to their land, sent envoys to negotiate. These the Melians did not bring before the people, but bade them state the object of their mission to the magistrates and the few; upon which the Athenian envoys spoke as follows:--

The Melian Dialogue

Athenian envoys
”Since the negotiations are not to go on before the people, in order that we may not be able to speak straight on without interruption, and deceive the ears of the multitude by seductive arguments which would pass without refutation (for we know that this is the meaning of our being brought before the few ), what if you who sit there were to pursue a method more cautious still! Make no set speech yourselves, but take us up at whatever you do not like, and settle that before going any farther. And first tell us if this proposition of ours suits you.“
Melian commissioners
”To the fairness of quietly instructing each other as you propose there is nothing to object; but your military preparations are too far advanced to agree with what you say, as we see you are come to be judges in your own cause, and that all we can reasonably expect from this negotiation is war, if we prove to have right on our side and refuse to submit, and in the contrary case, slavery.“
Athenian envoys
”If you have met to reason about presentiments of the future, or for anything else than to consult for the safety of your state upon the facts that you see before you, we will give over; otherwise we will go on.“
Melian commissioners
”It is natural and excusable for men in our position to turn more ways than one both in thought and utterance. However, the question in this conference is, as you say, the safety of our country; and the discussion, if you please, can proceed in the way which you propose.“
Athenian envoys
”For ourselves, we shall not trouble you with specious pretences--either of how we have a right to our empire because we overthrew the Mede, or are now attacking you because of wrong that you have done us--and make a long speech which would not be believed; and in return we hope that you, instead of thinking to influence us by saying that you did not join the Lacedaemonians, although their colonists, or that you have done us no wrong, will aim at what is feasible, holding in view the real sentiments of us both; since you know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power, while the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must.“
Melian commissioners
”As we think, at any rate, it is expedient--we speak as we are obliged, since you enjoin us to let right alone and talk only of interest--that you should not destroy what is our common protection, the privilege of being allowed in danger to invoke what is fair and right, and even to profit by arguments not strictly valid if they can be got to pass current. And you are as much interested in this as any, as your fall would be a signal for the heaviest vengeance and an example for the world to meditate upon.“
Athenian envoys
”The end of our empire, if end it should, does not frighten us: a rival empire like Lacedaemon, even if Lacedaemon was our real antagonist, is not so terrible to the vanquished as subjects who by themselves attack and overpower their rulers. This, however, is a risk that we are content to take. We will now proceed to show you that we are come here in the interest of our empire, and that we shall say what we are now going to say, for the preservation of your country; as we would fain exercise that empire over you without trouble, and see you preserved for the good of us both.“
Melian commissioners
”And how, pray, could it turn out as good for us to serve as for you to rule?“
Athenian envoys
”Because you would have the advantage of submitting before suffering the worst, and we should gain by not destroying you.“
Melian commissioners
”So that you would not consent to our being neutral, friends instead of enemies, but allies of neither side.“
Athenian envoys
”No; for your hostility cannot so much hurt us as your friendship will be an argument to our subjects of our weakness, and your enmity of our power.“
Melian commissioners
”Is that your subjects' idea of equity, to put those who have nothing to do with you in the same category with peoples that are most of them your own colonists, and some conquered rebels?“
Athenian envoys
”As far as right goes they think one has as much of it as the other, and that if any maintain their independence it is because they are strong, and that if we do not molest them it is because we are afraid; so that besides extending our empire we should gain in security by your subjection; the fact that you are islanders and weaker than others rendering it all the more important that you should not succeed in baffling the masters of the sea.“
Melian commissioners
”But do you consider that there is no security in the policy which we indicate? For here again if you debar us from talking about justice and invite us to obey your interest, we also must explain ours, and try to persuade you, if the two happen to coincide. How can you avoid making enemies of all existing neutrals who shall look at our case and conclude from it that one day or another you will attack them? And what is this but to make greater the enemies that you have already, and to force others to become so who would otherwise have never thought of it?“
Athenian envoys
”Why, the fact is that continentals generally give us but little alarm; the liberty which they enjoy will long prevent their taking precautions against us; it is rather islanders like yourselves, outside our empire, and subjects smarting under the yoke, who would be the most likely to take a rash step and lead themselves and us into obvious danger.“
Melian commissioners
”Well then, if you risk so much to retain your empire, and your subjects to get rid of it, it were surely great baseness and cowardice in us who are still free not to try everything that can be tried, before submitting to your yoke.“
Athenian envoys
”Not if you are well advised, the contest not being an equal one, with honor as the prize and shame as the penalty, but a question of self-preservation and of not resisting those who are far stronger than you are.“
Melian commissioners
”But we know that the fortune of war is sometimes more impartial than the disproportion of numbers might lead one to suppose; to submit is to give ourselves over to despair, while action still preserves for us a hope that we may stand erect.“
Athenian envoys
”Hope, danger's comforter, may be indulged in by those who have abundant resources, if not without loss at all events without ruin; but its nature is to be extravagant, and those who go so far as to put their all upon the venture see it in its true colors only when they are ruined; but so long as the discovery would enable them to guard against it, it is never found wanting. Let not this be the case with you, who are weak and hang on a single turn of the scale; nor be like the vulgar, who, abandoning such security as human means may still afford, when visible hopes fail them in extremity, turn to invisible, to prophecies and oracles, and other such inventions that delude men with hopes to their destruction.“
Melian commissioners
”You may be sure that we are as well aware as you of the difficulty of contending against your power and fortune, unless the terms be equal. But we trust that the gods may grant us fortune as good as yours, since we are just men fighting against unjust, and that what we want in power will be made up by the alliance of the Lacedaemonians, who are bound, if only for very shame, to come to the aid of their kindred. Our confidence, therefore, after all is not so utterly irrational.“
Athenian envoys
”When you speak of the favour of the gods, we may as fairly hope for that as yourselves; neither our pretensions nor our conduct being in any way contrary to what men believe of the gods, or practise among themselves. Of the gods we believe, and of men we know, that by a necessary law of their nature they rule wherever they can. And it is not as if we were the first to make this law, or to act upon it when made: we found it existing before us, and shall leave it to exist for ever after us; all we do is to make use of it, knowing that you and everybody else, having the same power as we have, would do the same as we do. Thus, as far as the gods are concerned, we have no fear and no reason to fear that we shall be at a disadvantage. But when we come to your notion about the Lacedaemonians, which leads you to believe that shame will make them help you, here we bless your simplicity but do not envy your folly. The Lacedaemonians, when their own interests or their country's laws are in question, are the worthiest men alive; of their conduct towards others much might be said, but no clearer idea of it could be given than by shortly saying that of all the men we know they are most conspicuous in considering what is agreeable honorable, and what is expedient just. Such a way of thinking does not promise much for the safety which you now unreasonably count upon.“
Melian commissioners
”But it is for this very reason that we now trust to their respect for expediency to prevent them from betraying the Melians, their colonists, and thereby losing the confidence of their friends in Hellas and helping their enemies.“
Athenian envoys
”Then you do not adopt the view that expediency goes with security, while justice and honor cannot be followed without danger; and danger the Lacedaemonians generally court as little as possible.“
Melian commissioners
”But we believe that they would be more likely to face even danger for our sake, and with more confidence than for others, as our nearness to Peloponnese makes it easier for them to act; and our common blood insures our fidelity.“
Athenian envoys
”Yes, but what an intending ally trusts to, is not the goodwill of those who ask his aid, but a decided superiority of power for action; and the Lacedaemonians look to this even more than others. At least, such is their distrust of their home resources that it is only with numerous allies that they attack a neighbor; now is it likely that while we are masters of the sea they will cross over to an island?“
Melian commissioners
”But they would have others to send. The Cretan sea is a wide one, and it is more difficult for those who command it to intercept others, than for those who wish to elude them to do so safely. And should the Lacedaemonians miscarry in this, they would fall upon your land, and upon those left of your allies whom Brasidas did not reach; and instead of places which are not yours, you will have to fight for your own country and your own confederacy.“
Athenian envoys
”Some diversion of the kind you speak of you may one day experience, only to learn, as others have done, that the Athenians never once yet withdrew from a siege for fear of any. But we are struck by the fact, that after saying you would consult for the safety of your country, in all this discussion you have mentioned nothing which men might trust in and think to be saved by. Your strongest arguments depend upon hope and the future, and your actual resources are too scanty, as compared with those arrayed against you, for you to come out victorious. You will therefore show great blindness of judgment, unless, after allowing us to retire, you can find some counsel more prudent than this. You will surely not be caught by that idea of disgrace, which in dangers that are disgraceful, and at the same time too plain to be mistaken, proves so fatal to mankind; since in too many cases the very men that have their eyes perfectly open to what they are rushing into, let the thing called disgrace, by the mere influence of a seductive name, lead them on to a point at which they become so enslaved by the phrase as in fact to fall willfully into hopeless disaster, and incur disgrace more disgraceful as the companion of error, than when it comes as the result of misfortune. This, if you are well advised, you will guard against; and you will not think it dishonorable to submit to the greatest city in Hellas, when it makes you the moderate offer of becoming its tributary ally, without ceasing to enjoy the country that belongs to you; nor when you have the choice given you between war and security, will you be so blinded as to choose the worse. And it is certain that those who do not yield to their equals, who keep terms with their superiors, and are moderate towards their inferiors, on the whole succeed best. Think over the matter, therefore, after our withdrawal, and reflect once and again that it is for your country that you are consulting, that you have not more than one, and that upon this one deliberation depends its prosperity or ruin.“

The Athenians now withdrew from the conference; and the Melians, left to themselves, came to a decision corresponding with what they had maintained in the discussion, and answered,

Melian commissioners
”Our resolution, Athenians, is the same as it was at first. We will not in a moment deprive of freedom a city that has been inhabited these seven hundred years; but we put our trust in the fortune by which the gods have preserved it until now, and in the help of men, that is, of the Lacedaemonians; and so we will try and save ourselves. Meanwhile we invite you to allow us to be friends to you and foes to neither party, and to retire from our country after making such a treaty as shall seem fit to us both.“

Such was the answer of the Melians. The Athenians now departing from the conference said, ”Well, you alone, as it seems to us, judging from these resolutions, regard what is future as more certain than what is before your eyes, and what is out of sight, in your eagerness, as already coming to pass; and as you have staked most on, and trusted most in, the Lacedaemonians, your fortune, and your hopes, so will you be most completely deceived.“
The Athenian envoys now returned to the army; and the Melians showing no signs of yielding, the generals at once betook themselves to hostilities, and drew a line of circumvallation round the Melians, dividing the work among the different states. Subsequently the Athenians returned with most of their army, leaving behind them a certain number of their own citizens and of the allies to keep guard by land and sea. The force thus left stayed on and besieged the place. . .
. . .The Melians surrendered at discretion to the Athenians, who put to death all the grown men whom thwy took, and sold the women and children for slaves, and subsequently sent out five hundred colonists and inhabited the place themselves.

This extract is from: Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War (ed. Richard Crawley, 1910). Cited Feb 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Sherman at Melos: Realpolitik Ancient and Modern

Thucydides and the Ancient Simplicity: the Limits of Political Realism, by Gregory Crane, Department of Classics, Tufts University

Miltiades' expedition against Paros

ΠΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
  After the Persian disaster at Marathon, the reputation of Miltiades, already great at Athens, very much increased. He asked the Athenians for seventy ships, an army, and money, not revealing against what country he would lead them, but saying that he would make them rich if they followed him; he would bring them to a country from which they could easily carry away an abundance of gold; so he said when he asked for the ships. The Athenians were induced by these promises and granted his request.
  Miltiades took his army and sailed for Paros, on the pretext that the Parians had brought this on themselves by first sending triremes with the Persian fleet to Marathon. Such was the pretext of his argument, but he had a grudge against the Parians because Lysagoras son of Tisias, a man of Parian descent, had slandered him to Hydarnes the Persian. When he reached his voyage's destination, Miltiades with his army drove the Parians inside their walls and besieged them; he sent in a herald and demanded a hundred talents, saying that if they did not give it to him, his army would not return home before it had stormed their city. The Parians had no intention of giving Miltiades any money at all, and they contrived how to defend their city. They did this by building their wall at night to double its former height where it was most assailable, and also by other devices.
  All the Greeks tell the same story up to this point; after this the Parians themselves say that the following happened: as Miltiades was in a quandary, a captive woman named Timo, Parian by birth and an under-priestess of the goddesses of the dead, came to talk with him. Coming before Miltiades, she advised him, if taking Paros was very important to him, to do whatever she suggested. Then, following her advice, he passed through to the hill in front of the city and jumped over the fence of the precinct of Demeter the Lawgiver, since he was unable to open the door. After leaping over, he went to the shrine, whether to move something that should not be moved, or with some other intention. When he was right at the doors, he was immediately seized with panic and hurried back by the same route; leaping down from the wall he twisted his thigh, but some say he hit his knee.
  So Miltiades sailed back home in a sorry condition, neither bringing money for the Athenians nor having won Paros; he had besieged the town for twenty-six days and ravaged the island. The Parians learned that Timo the under-priestess of the goddesses had been Miltiades' guide and desired to punish her for this. Since they now had respite from the siege, they sent messengers to Delphi to ask if they should put the under-priestess to death for guiding their enemies to the capture of her native country, and for revealing to Miltiades the rites that no male should know. But the Pythian priestess forbade them, saying that Timo was not responsible: Miltiades was doomed to make a bad end, and an apparition had led him in these evils.
  Such was the priestess' reply to the Parians. The Athenians had much to say about Miltiades on his return from Paros, especially Xanthippus son of Ariphron, who prosecuted Miltiades before the people for deceiving the Athenians and called for the death penalty. Miltiades was present but could not speak in his own defense, since his thigh was festering; he was laid before the court on a couch, and his friends spoke for him, often mentioning the fight at Marathon and the conquest of Lemnos: how Miltiades had punished the Pelasgians and taken Lemnos, delivering it to the Athenians. The people took his side as far as not condemning him to death, but they fined him fifty talents for his wrongdoing. Miltiades later died of gangrene and rot in his thigh, and the fifty talents were paid by his son Cimon.

This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Mar 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Αποικισμοί των κατοίκων

ΑΝΔΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
In this area (Chalkidiki) there were five cities, of which some were Greek, being colonies from Andros

Thasos occupied by Parian settlers

ΠΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Between 710 and 680 B.C. Thasos was occupied by settlers from the island of Paros, and it was here that the Archaic Parian poet Archilochos wrote his verse.

Theraean Battus colonize Cyrene-Libya

ΣΑΝΤΟΡΙΝΗ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
It is said that Chionis also took part in the expedition of Battus of Thera, helped him to found Cyrene and to reduce the neighboring Libyans.

Βυζαντινή περίοδος (324-1453 μ.Χ.)

Νεώτερη Ιστορία

ΑΝΤΙΠΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
  Το 1207, την Αντίπαρο κατέλαβε ο ανιψιός του δόγη της Βενετίας Ερρίκου Δάνδολου, Μάρκος Α Σανούδος, ο οποίος μετέσχε στην Δ Σταυροφορία και ήταν από τους πρωτοστάτες της εκτροπής της από τον αρχικό της στόχο, εκτροπής που είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την κατάλυση της Βυζαντινής Αυτοκρατορίας. Ο Μάρκος Σανούδος κατέλαβε, με την έγκριση της Βενετίας, τις Κυκλάδες, τις Σποράδες και άλλη νησιά του Αιγαίου, ιδρύοντας το Δουκάτο του Αιγαίου Πελάγους με έδρα τη Νάξο. Η Αντίπαρος έμεινε υπό την κυριαρχία του οίκου των Σανούδων μέχρι το δεύτερο μισό του 14ου αιώνα, οπότε πέρασε στα χέρια του οίκου Σομμαρίπα με το γάμο της Μαρίας Σανούδου, κυρίας της Ανδρου, Νάξου και Αντιπάρου, με τον Γάσπαρι Σομμαρίπα. Στις αρχές του 15ου αιώνα η Αντίπαρος ήταν πυκνοκατοικημένη - είναι γνωστό πως παρείχε στις γαλέρες του δούκα της Νάξου 30 ναύτες.
  Αργότερα όμως, ως αποτέλεσμα πειρατικών επιδρομών, ερημώθηκε τελείως. Ο Κριστόφορο Μπουοντελμόντι, Φλωρεντινός κληρικός του 15ου αιώνα και από τους πρώτους ελληνολάτρες περιηγητές της χώρας μας, αναφέρει στο έργο του «Το Βιβλίο των Νησιών του Αιγαίου» πως στην Αντίπαρο υπήρχαν πολύ λίγοι κάτοικοι που ασχολούνταν με τη γεωργία και την κτηνοτροφία. Αναφέρει ακόμη πως το νησί ήταν γεμάτο αετούς και γεράκια.
  Το 1440, ο άρχοντας της Πάρου και της Ανδρου Κρουσσίνος Α Σομμαρίπας δίνει την Αντίπαρο ως προίκα στην κόρη του Φραντζέσκα που παντρεύεται τον Λεονάρντο Λορεντάνο. Ετσι, η Αντίπαρος αποσπάται από την κυριαρχία του δούκα της Νάξου και περιέρχεται στην ισχυρή βενετική οικογένεια των Λορεντάνο. Ο Λεονάρντο Λορεντάνο με δικά του έξοδα μετέφερε στην Αντίπαρο καλλιεργητές και έχτισε το περίφημο κάστρο.
  Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται τον Νοέμβριο 2003 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο της Κοινότητας Αντιπάρου.

Γεγονότα νεότερης ιστορίας

Νεώτερη Ιστορία

  Οι κάτοικοι της Αντιπάρου ήταν μεταξύ των πρώτων από τις Κυκλάδες που πήραν μέρος στην Ελληνική Επανάσταση. Το 1823 συζητήθηκε, χωρίς όμως να δοθεί συνέχεια, η παραχώρηση έναντι χρημάτων της Αντιπάρου, μαζί με την Πάρο, τη Νάξο και τη Σίφνο, στους Ιωαννίτες Ιππότες. Το νησί έγινε και επίσημα τμήμα ελληνικού κράτους με τα Πρωτόκολλα του Λονδίνου στις 3.2.1830 και 18.8.1832.
  Αλλά και κατά τον Β Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, η Αντίπαρος πήρε ενεργό μέρος στην Αντίσταση κατά των Γερμανών. Είχε μετατραπεί σε μυστική βάση των Συμμάχων και είναι πολύ γνωστή η ιστορία του Β Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου η «Επιχείρηση Αντίπαρος» με επακόλουθα συλλήψεις και εκτελέσεις Ελλήνων πατριωτών και Συμμάχων.
  Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται τον Νοέμβριο 2003 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο της Κοινότητας Αντιπάρου.

Εμφυλίου πολέμου

Τόπος εξορίας

ΓΥΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ

Ιδρυση-οικισμός του τόπου

Rhodes city

ΡΟΔΟΣ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
The present city was founded at the time of the Peloponnesian War by the same architect, as they say, who founded the Peiraeus.

...Also the inhabitants of the island of Rhodes left the cities of Ielysus, Lindus, and Cameirus and settled in one city, that which is now called Rhodes.

Ιστορικές προσωπικότητες

Θήρας

ΣΑΝΤΟΡΙΝΗ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Γιος του Αυτεσίωνα από την Θήβα, ίδρυσε αποικία στο νησί Καλλίστη που μετά πήρε το όνομά του.

. . . the sons of Aristodemus were Procles and Eurysthenes, and although they were twins they were bitter enemies. Their enmity reached a high pitch, but nevertheless they combined to help Theras, the son of Autesion and the brother of their mother Argeia and their guardian as well, to found a colony. This colony Theras was dispatching to the island that was then called Calliste, and he hoped that the descendants of Membliarus would of their own accord give up the kingship to him. This as a matter of fact they did,taking into account that the family of Theras went back to Cadmus himself, while they were only descendants of Membliarus, who was a man of the people whom Cadmus left in the island to be the leader of the settlers. And Theras changed the name of the island, renaming it after himself, and even at the present day the people of Thera every year offer to him as their founder the sacrifices that are given to a hero.

This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Feb 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


A Spartan who colonized and gave name to the island of Thera.

Καταστροφές του τόπου

Από το Χαϊρεντίν Βαρβαρόσα, 1537 μ.Χ.

ΑΝΑΦΗ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ

By Caius Verres

ΔΗΛΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Of this design you will find that Caius Verres was not only a partaker, but was even the chief instigator. [46] He came to Delos. There from that most holy temple of Apollo he privately took away by night the most beautiful and ancient statues, and took care that they were all placed on board his own transport. The next day, when the inhabitants of Delos saw their temple plundered, they were very indignant. For the holiness and antiquity of that temple is so great in their eyes, that they believe that Apollo himself was born in that place. However, they did not dare to say one word about it, lest haply Dolabella (praetor urbanus) himself might be concerned in the business.

Πρώτος μιθριδατικός πόλεμος, 88 π.Χ.

Now although Delos had become so famous, yet the razing of Corinth to the ground by the Romans increased its fame still more; for the importers changed their business to Delos because they were attracted both by the immunity which the temple enjoyed and by the convenient situation of the harbor; for it is happily situated for those who are sailing from Italy and Greece to Asia. The general festival is a kind of commercial affair, and it was frequented by Romans more than by any other people, even when Corinth was still in existence. And when the Athenians took the island they at the same time took good care of the importers as well as of the religious rites. But when the generals of Mithridates, and the tyrant who caused it to revolt, visited Delos, they completely ruined it, and when the Romans again got the island, alter the king withdrew to his homeland, it was desolate; and it has remained in an impoverished condition until the present time. It is now held by the Athenians.

This extract is from: The Geography of Strabo (ed. H. L. Jones, 1924), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Mar 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


After doubling the point of Malea and proceeding a hundred stades, you reach a place on the coast within the frontier of the Boeatae, which is sacred to Apollo and called Epidelium. For the wooden image which is now here, once stood in Delos. Delos was then a Greek market, and seemed to offer security to traders on account of the god; but as the place was unfortified and the inhabitants unarmed, Menophanes, an officer of Mithridates, attacked it with a fleet, to show his contempt for the god, or acting on the orders of Mithridates; for to a man whose object is gain what is sacred is of less account than what is profitable.This Menophanes put to death the foreigners residing there and the Delians themselves, and after plundering much property belonging to the traders and all the offerings, and also carrying women and children away as slaves, he razed Delos itself to the ground. As it was being sacked and pillaged, one of the barbarians wantonly flung this image into the sea; but the wave took it and brought it to land here in the country of the Boeatae. For this reason they call the place Epidelium. But neither Menophanes nor Mithridates himself escaped the wrath of the god. Menophanes, as he was putting to sea after the sack of Delos was sunk at once by those of the merchants who had escaped; for they lay in wait for him in ships. The god caused Mithridates at a later date to lay hands upon himself, when his empire had been destroyed and he himself was being hunted on all sides by the Romans. There are some who say that he obtained a violent death as a favour at the hands of one of his mercenaries. This was the reward of their impiety.

This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Mar 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Από σεισμούς, 411 π.Χ.

ΚΩΣ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
Περί το 411 π.Χ., η Κως είχε γκρεμιστεί συθέμελα από ισχυρό σεισμό, το μεγαλύτερο απ' όσους θυμόμαστε ­ όπως γράφει ο Θουκυδίδης ­ και οι κάτοικοί της είχαν καταφύγει στα βουνά. Ο Λακεδαιμόνιος Αστύοχος που περνούσε από κεί με μερικά πλοία λεηλάτησε πλήρως το νησί, αφήνοντας πίσω μόνο τους ελεύθερους πολίτες που δεν εξανδραπόδισε.

Από σεισμούς, 155 μ.Χ.

The cities of Lycia and of Caria, along with Cos and Rhodes, were overthrown by a violent earthquake that smote them. These cities also were restored by the emperor Antoninus, who was keenly anxious to rebuild them, and devoted vast sums to this task.

By Athenians under Nicias

ΜΗΛΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
This year (424 BC) the Athenians chose as general Nicias, the son of Niceratus, and assigning to him sixty triremes and three thousand hoplites, they ordered him to plunder the allies of the Lacedaemonians. He sailed to Melos as the first place, where he ravaged their territory and for a number of days laid siege to the city.
(Perseus Project - Diodorus Siculus, Library 12.65.1) The Athenians under the command of Nicias seized two cities, Cythera and Nisaea ; and they reduced Melos (416 BC) by siege, slew all the males from the youth upward, and sold into slavery the children and women.
(Perseus Project - Diodorus Siculus, Library 12.80.5)

Attack on Melos

  In 416 an Athenian force beseiged the tiny city-state on the island of Melos situated in the Mediterranean south of the Peloponnese, a community sympathetic to Sparta that had taken no active part in the war, although it may have made a monetary contribution to the Spartan war effort. In any case, that Athens considered Melos an enemy had been made clear earlier when Nicias had led an unsuccessful attack on the island in 426. Now once again Athens in 416 demanded that Melos support its alliance voluntarily or face destruction, but the Melians refused to submit despite the overwhelming superiority of Athenian force. When Melos eventually had to surrender to the beseiging army, its men were killed and its women and children sold into slavery. An Athenian community was then established on the island. Thucydides portrays Athenian motives in the affair of Melos as concerned exclusively with the amoral politics of the use of force, while the Melians he shows as relying on a concept of justice to govern relations between states. He represents the leaders of the opposing sides as participating in a private meeting to discuss their views of what issues are at stake. This passage in his history, called the Melian Dialogue, offers a chillingly realistic insight into the clash between ethics and power in international politics.

This text is from: Thomas Martin's An Overview of Classical Greek History from Homer to Alexander, Yale University Press. Cited Sep 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.


By the Persians, 490 BC

ΝΑΞΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
...When these appointed generals on their way from the king reached the Aleian plain in Cilicia, bringing with them a great and well-furnished army, they camped there and were overtaken by all the fleet that was assigned to each; there also arrived the transports for horses, which in the previous year Darius had bidden his tributary subjects to make ready. Having loaded the horses into these, and embarked the land army in the ships, they sailed to Ionia with six hundred triremes. From there they held their course not by the mainland and straight towards the Hellespont and Thrace, but setting forth from Samos they sailed by the Icarian sea and from island to island; this, to my thinking, was because they feared above all the voyage around Athos, seeing that in the previous year they had come to great disaster by holding their course that way; moreover, Naxos was still unconquered and constrained them.
  When they approached Naxos from the Icarian sea and came to land (for it was Naxos which the Persians intended to attack first), the Naxians, remembering what had happened before,fled away to the mountains instead of waiting for them. The Persians enslaved all of them that they caught, and burnt their temples and their city. After doing this, they set sail for the other islands.

This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Mar 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Από σεισμούς, 226 π.Χ.

ΡΟΔΟΣ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
Ο σεισμός που κατέστρεψε τη Ρόδο περί το 226 π.Χ. μεταξύ των άλλων καταστροφών τσάκισε στα γόνατα και τον περίφημο κολοσσό ύψους 32 μ. και τον ξάπλωσε στο έδαφος. Σημαντική βοήθεια ήρθε τότε στη Ρόδο από διάφορα σημεία: ο Ιέρων των Συρακουσών έστειλε έξι τάλαντα αργύρου (περίπου 155 κιλά) και αργυρούς λέβητες για την ανοικοδόμηση του τείχους, παρείχε δε ατέλεια στα πλοία της Ρόδου.

Από σεισμούς, 155 μ.Χ.

The cities of Lycia and of Caria, along with Cos and Rhodes, were overthrown by a violent earthquake that smote them. These cities also were restored by the emperor Antoninus, who was keenly anxious to rebuild them, and devoted vast sums to this task.

This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Oct 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Από τους Γότθους, 269 μ.Χ.

Από σεισμούς, 344-345 μ.Χ.

Από σεισμούς, 515 μ.Χ.

By Samians

ΣΙΦΝΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
When the Lacedaemonians were about to abandon them, the Samians who had brought an army against Polycrates sailed away too, and went to Siphnus; for they were in need of money; and the Siphnians were at this time very prosperous and the richest of the islanders, because of the gold and silver mines on the island. They were so wealthy that the treasure dedicated by them at Delphi, which is as rich as any there, was made from a tenth of their income; and they divided among themselves each year's income. Now when they were putting together the treasure they inquired of the oracle if their present prosperity was likely to last long; whereupon the priestess gave them this answer:
"When the prytaneum on Siphnus becomes white
And white-browed the market, then indeed a shrewd man is wanted
Beware a wooden force and a red herald."
At this time the market-place and town-hall of Siphnus were adorned with Parian marble.
They could not understand this oracle either when it was spoken or at the time of the Samians' coming. As soon as the Samians put in at Siphnus, they sent ambassadors to the town in one of their ships; now in ancient times all ships were painted with vermilion; and this was what was meant by the warning given by the priestess to the Siphnians, to beware a wooden force and a red herald. The messengers, then, demanded from the Siphnians a loan of ten talents; when the Siphnians refused them, the Samians set about ravaging their lands. Hearing this the Siphnians came out at once to drive them off, but they were defeated in battle, and many of them were cut off from their town by the Samians; who presently exacted from them a hundred talents.

This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Feb 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Μετακινήσεις πληθυσμών

Milesian settlement at Aigiale

ΑΙΓΙΑΛΗ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΜΟΡΓΟΣ
In the late 3d c. B.C. a Samian settlement existed at Minoa and a Milesian settlement at Aigiale.

Naxian settlement at Arkesine

ΑΡΚΕΣΙΝΗ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΜΟΡΓΟΣ

Delians settled at Atramyttium

ΔΗΛΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
The next summer the truce for a year ended, after lasting until the Pythian games. During the armistice the Athenians expelled the Delians from Delos, concluding that they must have been polluted by some old offense at the time of their consecration, and that this had been the omission in the previous purification of the island, which as I have related, had been thought to have been duly accomplished by the removal of the graves of the dead. The Delians had Atramyttium in Asia given them by Pharnaces, and settled there as they removed from Delos.

This extract is from: Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War (ed. Richard Crawley, 1910). Cited Mar 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Cynthians emigrated to Cyprus

ΚΥΘΝΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Fugitive Dryopes were believed to have emigrated from Cythnus, a small island among the Cyclades, to Cyprus

Samian settlement at Minoa

ΜΙΝΩΑ (Αρχαία πόλη) ΑΜΟΡΓΟΣ
In the late 3d c. B.C. a Samian settlement existed at Minoa and a Milesian settlement at Aigiale.

Ναυμαχίες

Ναυμαχία της Αμοργού

ΑΜΟΡΓΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
322 π.Χ., το τέλος του Λαμιακού Πολέμου.

Ναυμαχία της Ανδρου

ΑΝΔΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
17/5/1790
Μεταξύ Λάμπρου Κατσώνη (9 πλοία) και Τούρκων σε βοήθεια των οποίων είχαν έρθει και οι Αλγερινοί (σύνολο 27 πλοία). Παρά τις μεγάλες απώλειες του εχθρού ο Κατσώνης έχασε 4 πλοία και την ναυαρχίδα του «Αθηνά του Αρκτου» κει αναγκάστηκε να αναστείλει τις επιχειρήσεις του. Ο λαός έφτιαξε την παροιμιώδη φράση: Σαν σ' αρέσει Μπάρμπα Λάμπρο ξαναπέρνα από την Ανδρο.

Battle of Naxos, 376 BC

ΝΑΞΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
  With regard to the fighting of the land forces, such was the issue. At sea about the same time occurred a great naval battle between Naxos and Paros, of which the cause was as follows. Pollis, the admiral of the Lacedaemonians, learning that a large shipment of grain was on its way to Athens in freighters, lay in wait watching for the grain fleet as it put in to port, intending to attack the freighters. The Athenian people, being informed of this, sent out a convoy to guard the grain in transit, which in fact brought it safe to the Peiraeus. Later Chabrias, the Athenian admiral, with the whole navy sailed to Naxos and laid it under siege. Bringing his siege-engines to bear against the walls, when he had shaken them, he then bent every effort to take the city by storm. While these things were going on, Pollis, the admiral of the Lacedaemonians, sailed into port to assist the Naxians. In eager rivalry both sides engaged in a sea-battle, and forming in line of battle charged each other. Pollis had sixty-five triremes; Chabrias eighty-three. As the ships bore down on one another, Pollis, leading the right wing, was first to attack the opposing triremes on the left wing, which Cedon the Athenian commanded. In a brilliant contest he slew Cedon himself and sank his ship; and, in similar fashion engaging the other ships of Cedon and tearing them open with the beaks of his ships, he destroyed some and others he forced to flee. When Chabrias beheld what was happening, he dispatched a squadron of the ships under his command and brought support to the men who were hard pressed and so retrieved the defeat of his own side. He himself with the strongest part of the fleet in a valiant struggle destroyed many triremes and took a large number captive.
  Although he had thus won the upper hand and forced all the enemies' ships to flee, he abstained altogether from pursuit. For he recalled the battle of Arginusae and that the assembly of the people, in return for the great service performed by the victorious generals, condemned them to death on the charge that they had failed to bury the men who had perished in the fight; consequently he was afraid, since the circumstances were much the same, that he might run the risk of a similar fate. Accordingly, refraining from pursuit, he gathered up the bodies of his fellow citizens which were afloat, saved those who still lived, and buried the dead. Had he not engaged in this task he would easily have destroyed the whole enemy fleet. In the battle eighteen triremes on the Athenian side were destroyed; on the Lacedaemonian twenty-four were destroyed and eight captured with their crews. Chabrias then, having won a notable victory, sailed back laden with spoils to the Peiraeus and met with an enthusiastic reception from his fellow citizens. Since the Peloponnesian War this was the first naval battle the Athenians had won. For they had not fought the battle of Cnidus with a fleet of their own, but had got the use of the King's fleet and won a victory.

This extract is from: Diodorus Siculus, Library (ed. C. H. Oldfather, 1989). Cited Mar 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Νεότερος Ελληνισμός (1453-1830)

Νεώτερη Ιστορία

ΑΝΤΙΠΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
  Το 1480 το νησί πέρασε στα χέρια του Δομένιγου Πιζάνι και, μαζί με την Ανάφη και την Ιο αποτέλεσε κτήση της βενετικής οικογένειας των Πιζάνι. Το 1537 η Αντίπαρος μαζί με τις υπόλοιπες Κυκλάδες πέφτει στα χέρια των Οθωμανών και του φοβερού πειρατή Χαϊρεντίν Μπαρμπαρόσα.
  Η Αντίπαρος παρέμεινε υπό τουρκικό ζυγό μέχρι το 1770, οπότε κατέπλευσε στο νησί ο ρωσικός στόλος των αδελφών Ορλώφ. Την περίοδο 1770 - 74 η Αντίπαρος και η Πάρος ρωσοκρατούνται, αλλά μετά τα ορλωφικά περιέχονται και πάλι υπό τον τουρκικό ζυγό μέχρι την Ελληνική Επανάσταση του 1821.
  Κατά την περίοδο της Τουρκοκρατίας η Αντίπαρος υπέστη πολλές καταστροφές όχι μόνο από τις επιδρομές των κατακτητών αλλά και των πειρατών. Χαρακτηριστικό των συνθηκών διαβίωσης της εποχής είναι το τέλος του διαβόητου Γάλλου πειρατή του 17ου αιώνα Ντανιέλ, ιππότη του Τάγματος της Μάλτας, και τα δραματικά γεγονότα στο Δεσποτικό το 1675. Το έτος αυτό, δόθηκε ναυμαχία μεταξύ του Ντανιέλ και τουρκικών πλοίων στα ανοικτά του Δεσποτικού, το οποίο ο πειρατής χρησιμοποιούσε ως ορμητήριο. Ο ηττημένος πειρατής έβαλε φωτιά στο πλοίο του και αποβιβάστηκε στο Δεσποτικό με το τσούρμο του, τάζοντας μεγάλα ποσά στους κατοίκους για να τον σώσουν. Αυτοί όμως τον αλυσοδέσανε και τον παραδώσανε στα τουρκικά αγήματα. Οταν άλλοι Γάλλοι πειρατές, όπως οι Οράνζ, Ονορά, και Υγκό ντε Κρεβελιέ, έμαθαν τα συμβάντα, κατέπλευσαν στο νησί, αφού έφυγαν τα τουρκικά πλοία, το λεηλάτησαν και έσφαξαν τους κατοίκους. Η καταστροφικότερη επιδρομή πειρατών στην Αντίπαρο ίσως ήταν αυτή του 1794, όταν Κεφαλλονίτες και Μανιάτες πειρατές λεηλάτησαν το νησί και κατάσφαξαν και αιχμαλώτισαν τους περισσότερους από τους κατοίκους, μεταξύ των οποίων και την κόρη του Γάλλου υποπρόξενου.
  Δυσβάστακτη στο μεταξύ ήταν αυτή την περίοδο η φορολόγηση των κατοίκων. Το 1756, για να πληρώσουν το φόρο, οι Αντιπαριανοί αναγκάζονται να πουλήσουν τη νησίδα Διπλό στον Παριανό Πέτρο Μαυρογένη και το Μυκονιάτη Τζωρτζή Μπάο, έναντι 100 ριαλίων.
  Κι όμως, στα μαύρα εκείνα χρόνια, υπήρχε στην Αντίπαρο σχολείο, στο οποίο τα παιδιά του νησιού μάθαιναν γράμματα. Σ' αυτό πήραν τα πρώτα φώτα της παιδείας και της θρησκείας μεγάλοι άνδρες, μεταξύ των οποίων δεσπόζουν οι μορφές του Νεόφυτου Μαυρομάττη, μητροπολίτη Ναυπάκτου και Αρτης, και του Ανανία, του ιεροδιακόνου που δίδαξε στα μέσα του 18ου αιώνα στην Πατριαρχική Ακαδημία και θεωρείται από τους σοφότερους διδάσκαλους του Γένους.
  Το κείμενο (απόσπασμα) παρατίθεται τον Νοέμβριο 2003 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο της Κοινότητας Αντιπάρου.

Ο τόπος κατακτήθηκε από:

Πέρσες 655 - 620 π.Χ.

ΡΟΔΟΣ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ

Artemisia, Princess of Caria 332 BC

Sister-wife of Mausolus. When the Rhodians attacked Halikarnassos in an attempt to take Caria, Artemisia defeated them, embarked her own soldiers and oarsmen in the ships of the Rhodians and set forth for Rhodes. conquered the island, and gained possession of some Greek cities on the mainland. After taking Rhodes and killing its leading men, put up in the city of Rhodes a trophy of her victory, including two bronze statues, one representing the state of the Rhodians, the other herself.

Romans 42 BC - 396 AD

Rhodes was the chief naval power of the Mediterranean during the last three centuries before Christ: its power was broken B.C. 42, at its capture by Cassius.

Αραβες, 653 - 658 μ.Χ.

Αραβες, 717 - 718 μ.Χ.

Venice 1204 - 1224 AD

Από τον Ιωάννη Δούκα Βατάτζη, αυτοκράτορα Νίκαιας.

1224 - 1246

Γενοβέζους

1246 - 1250

Nicaea

1250 - 1261

Τούρκους

1283 - 1306

Knights of the Rhodes

1306 - 22/12/1522
Οι Γενοβέζοι, που είχαν καταλάβει το νησί με αγώνες 3 ετών κατά των Τούρκων, πούλησαν το νησί στους Ιωαννίτες Ιππότες

Ιταλούς

4/5/1912 - 1943

Οθωμανική περίοδος (1453-1821)

ΣΑΝΤΟΡΙΝΗ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
  Την περίοδο αυτή 1579-1821 υπάρχουν πέντε αυτοδιοικούμενα Καστέλια στη Σαντορίνη: Του Σκάρου (μεσαιωνική πρωτεύουσα, στο βράχο απέναντι στο σημερινό Ημεροβίγλι), του Αγίου Νικολάου (σήμερα Οία), του Πύργου, του Ακρωτηρίου και του Εμπορείου, κτισμένα με φρουριακή κατασκευή για προστασία από τους πειρατές.
  Η καταστολή της πειρατείας, με την παράλληλη ανάπτυξη του διαμετακομιστικού εμπορίου και την εξαγωγή προϊόντων του νησιού και πολλοί Θηραίοι εγκαταστάθηκαν και πλούτισαν στην Αλεξάνδρεια, Κωνσταντινούπολη, Οδησσό και σε άλλες πόλεις.
(Κείμενο: Μανώλης Λιγνός)
Το κείμενο παρατίθεται το Φεβρουάριο 2004 από τουριστικό φυλλάδιο του Δήμου Θήρας (2003-2004).

Οι κάτοικοι ίδρυσαν τις πόλεις:

Sane, in Athos

ΑΝΔΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Athos, a lofty mountain looking towards the Aegean sea. In it are various towns, Sane , an Andrian colony

Argilos (Argilus)

Argilus , an Andrian colony

Stagiros

Like Argilos and Stagiros an Andrian foundation

Akanthos, Acanthus

Acanthus , a colony of the Andrians

Naxos in Sicily, 735 BC

ΝΑΞΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
With Chalkis, Naxos joined in the colonization of Sicily, where Naxos (founded 735 B.C.) took its name from the island.

Callipolis in Apulia

Naxos was a Chalkidic colony accounted the earliest in Sicily (Thuc. 6. 3. 1), the Chalkidic oikist having Naxian emigrants with him. Kallipolis was a sub-colony from Naxos, probably situate (like the metropolis) on the E. coast.

Leontinoi, 729 BC

Leontinoi was a settlement from Naxos of Sicily (a colony of Chalkis & Naxos island), remarkable, among all Sikeliote cities

Tauromenium, 358 BC

Andromachus . . collected together the inhabitants of the city of Naxos (in Sicily, a colony of Naxos island), which Dionysius the tyrant had destroyed, and founded with them Tauromenium.

Catana

Catana was a colony from Naxos. It is an uninteresting town, the aneient remains having been buried by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; but it is now the second city in Sicily in point of size.

Pharos in Adriatic

ΠΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Pharos in Adriatic founded by Parians

Parians founded Neapolis (Kavalla)

Sixth century settlers from the island of Paros founded Kavalla and named it Neapolis

Parium founded by Parians

Parium , a city on the Propontis was founded by the Parians.

Ναυκρατίς, στην Αίγυπτο

ΡΟΔΟΣ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
Hellenion (holy place in Naucratis), founded jointly by the Ionian cities of Chios, Teos, Phocaea, and Clazomenae, the Dorian cities of Rhodes, Cnidus, Halicarnassus, and Phaselis, and one Aeolian city, Mytilene.

Ρόδος ή Ροδανός στην Ισπανία

Greek trading establishment founded by the Rhodians in NE Spain, 18 km E of Figueras. According to an ancient tradition recorded by Scymnus and Strabo, it was probably founded when the Rhodian thalassocracy, the rival of the Phoenicians, achieved its maximum expansion in the W Mediterranean (Balearics, Catalan coasts of Iberia, Gulf of Leon) at the end of the 9th or the beginning of the 8th c. In any event the colony was founded before the First Olympiad, or before 776 B.C. Much Rhodian material, although dating a century later, has also been found in S France.

This extract is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites, Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Oct 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.


Ακράγας στην Σικελία

Graeco-Roman city founded ca. 582 B.C. by Rhodio-Cretan colonists from Gela led by Aristonoos and Pystilos.

Ροδιανάπολις στην Λυκία

Among the hills some 6.5 km N-NW of Kumluca. According to Theopompos the city was named after Rhode, daughter of Mopsos; this however is no more than the usual eponymous fabrication, and the foundation from Rhodes which the name implies is generally accepted. Its existence in the 4th c. B.C.

This extract is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites, Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Oct 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.


Γαγαί στην Λυκία

About 11 km SE of Kumluca. First mentioned by pseudo-Skylax in the 4th c. B.C. The foundation was attributed to Rhodes; according to the story certain Rhodian sailors arriving in Lycia called out "ga, ga", either as a request to the natives for land or on sighting land in a storm; they then founded a city and called it Gagai.

This extract is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites, Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Oct 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.


Rudiae in Apulia

A Messapic city ca. 2 km SW of Lupiae (Lecce), in a low-lying area called La Cupa. Although it is frequently mentioned by ancient writers, who call it the birthplace of the poet Ennius, nothing precise is known of its origins. Strabo thought it was founded by the Rhodians, who, together with colonists from Crete, appear to have colonized the Salentine peninsula, according to a tradition handed down by Herodotos.

This extract is from: The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites, Princeton University Press 1976. Cited Oct 2002 from Perseus Project URL below, which contains bibliography & interesting hyperlinks.


Engyon in Sicily

A Sikel city mentioned by Diodoros, Plutarch, Cicero, and Pliny. From Diodoros we learn that it was 100 stades from Agyrion. It was colonized by Rhodio-Cretans, who brought with them the cult of the Great Mother.

Κορυδαλλός στην Λυκία

About 1 km W of Kumluca. The city is recorded by Hekataios and by several later writers. Pliny calls it a city of the Rhodians; and probably, like its neighbors Rhodiapolis, Gagai, and Phaselis, it was founded from Rhodes.

Σίρις & Σύβαρις στην Λουκανία

Both Siris and the Sybaris which is on the Teuthras were founded by the Rhodians.

Φάσηλις στην Λυκία

On the E coast of Lycia, 50 km S-SW of Antalya. Founded according to tradition in 690 B.C. by the Rhodians

Ελπίαι της Ιταλίας

Ο Στράβων αναφέρει πως η πόλη Ελπίαι ιδρύθηκε από Ρόδιους και Κώους (Στράβ. 14,2,10).

Παρθενώπη (μετά Νεάπολις) στην Καμπανία

Since that time, also, they (the Rhodians) have sailed as far as Iberia; and there they founded Rhodes, of which the Massaliotes later took possession; among the Opici they founded Parthenope; and among the Daunians they, along with the Coans, founded Elpiae.

Amos in Rhorian Peraea (Turkey)

A Rhodian deme in Caria 11 km S of Marmaris, probably attached to the city of Lindos.

Bybassos in Rhorian Peraea (Turkey)

Bybassos was among the more important of the Rhodian mainland demes, and the demotic is frequent in the inscriptions.

Kastabos in Rhodian Peraea (Turkey)

Αμνιστος στην Ροδιακή Περαία

Amnistos was a Rhodian deme attached to the city of Kamiros.

Θύσσανος στην Ροδιακή Περαία

A deme of the incorporated Rhodian Peraea, mentioned by Pomponius Mela

Τύμνος στην Ροδιακή Περαία

City in Caria 27 km SW of Marmaris, a deme of the incorporated Rhodian Peraea, attached to the city of Kamiros.

Euthena in Rhodian Peraea (Turkey)

A conspicuous peak in Caria, 9 km N of Marmaris, where the remains are probably those of a Peraean deme of Rhodes attached to the city of Kamiros

Φύσκος στην Ροδιακή Περαία

Town in Caria, the most important deme of the Rhodian Peraea, attached to the city of Lindos.

Οικιστές

Eretrians

ΑΝΔΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Andros itself had been colonized from Eretria. (C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4)

Milesians colonized the island Leros

ΛΕΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝΗΣΟΣ
Anaximenes of Lampsacus says that the Milesians colonized the islands Icaros and Leros.

Lacedaemonians & Mynians of Lemnos

ΣΑΝΤΟΡΙΝΗ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
One generation before the Ionians set sail from Athens, the Lacedaemonians and Minyans who had been expelled from Lemnos by the Pelasgians were led by the Theban Theras, the son of Autesion, to the island now called after him, but formerly named Calliste.

This extract is from: Pausanias. Description of Greece (ed. W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., & H.A. Ormerod, 1918). Cited Feb 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


On the island now called Thera, but then Calliste, there were descendants of Membliarus the son of Poeciles, a Phoenician; for Cadmus son of Agenor had put in at the place now called Thera during his search for Europa; and having put in, either because the land pleased him, or because for some other reason he desired to do so, he left on this island his own relation Membliarus together with other Phoenicians.

This extract is from: Herodotus. The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Feb 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


. . . from the Minyans, who, being descendants of the Argonauts, were first driven out of Lemnos into Lacedaemon, and thence into Triphylia, and took up their abode about Arene in the country which is now called Hypaesia, though it no longer has the settlements of the Minyans. Some of these Minyans sailed with Theras, the son of Autesion, who was a descendant of Polyneices, to the island which is situated between Cyrenaea and Crete "Calliste its earlier name, but Thera its later," . . . and founded Thera, the mother-city of Cyrene, and designated the island by the same name as the city.

This extract is from: The Geography of Strabo (ed. H. L. Jones, 1924), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited Feb 2003 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains comments & interesting hyperlinks.


Πόλεμοι

Lelantine war

ΠΑΡΟΣ (Νησί) ΚΥΚΛΑΔΕΣ
Naxos was a rival of Paros and joined the Chalkidian forces during the Lelantine war (8th-7th c. B.C.). With Chalkis, Naxos joined in the colonization of Sicily, where Naxos (founded 735 B.C.) took its name from the island. During the war with Paros, which may be considered a part of the Lelantine war, a Naxian killed Archilochos.

Έχετε τη δυνατότητα να δείτε περισσότερες πληροφορίες για γειτονικές ή/και ευρύτερες περιοχές επιλέγοντας μία από τις παρακάτω κατηγορίες και πατώντας το "περισσότερα":

GTP Headlines

Λάβετε το καθημερινό newsletter με τα πιο σημαντικά νέα της τουριστικής βιομηχανίας.

Εγγραφείτε τώρα!
Greek Travel Pages: Η βίβλος του Τουριστικού επαγγελματία. Αγορά online

Αναχωρησεις πλοιων

Διαφημίσεις

ΕΣΠΑ