| June 20, 2013 |
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| Ancient literary sources
(16)
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|  POSSIDONIA (Ancient city) CAMPANIA |
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Poseidonia
Information given by a man of that place to exiled Phocaeans.
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| | ISCHIA (Island) CAMPANIA |
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Ischia
P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid
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| | KYMI (Ancient city) CAMPANIA |
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The tusks of the Erymanthian boar
There is also a legend that Heracles at the command of Eurystheus hunted by the side of the Erymanthus a boar that surpassed all others in size and in strength. The people of Cumae among the Opici say that the boar's tusks dedicated in their sanctuary of Apollo are those of the Erymanthian boar, but the saying is altogether improbable.
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| | AUSONIA (Ancient country) CAMPANIA |
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Ausonia
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| | CAMPANIA (Region) ITALY |
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Campania
Capua the capital of, in Italy, Philoctetes driven to.
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| | KYMI (Ancient city) CAMPANIA |
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Cumae
In land of Opici.
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| | LAOS (Ancient city) ITALY |
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Laus
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| | LEUCANIA (Ancient country) ITALY |
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Lucania
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Lucanians
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| | CAPRI (Island) CAMPANIA |
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Capreae
. . the earth about the Strait, they say, is but seldom shaken by earthquakes, because the orifices there, through which the fire is blown up and the red-hot masses and the waters are ejected, are open. At that time, however, the fire that was smouldering beneath the earth, together with the wind, produced violent earthquakes, because the passages to the surface were all blocked up, and the regions thus heaved up yielded at last to the force of the blasts of wind, were rent asunder, and then received the sea that was on either side, both here34 and between the other islands in that region. and, in fact, Prochyte and the Pithecussae are fragments broken off from the continent, as also Capreae, Leucosia, the Sirenes, and the Oenotrides.
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| | ELEA (Ancient city) ITALY |
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Elea
According to Antiochus, after the capture of Phocaea by Harpagus, the general of Cyrus, all the Phocaeans who could do so embarked with their entire families on their light boats and, under the leadership of Creontiades, sailed first to Cyrnus and Massalia, but when they were beaten off from those places founded Elea. Some, however, say that the city took its name from the River Elees. It is about two hundred stadia distant from Poseidonia. After Elea comes the promontory of Palinurus. Off the territory of Elea are two islands, the Oenotrides, which have anchoring-places.
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| | LAOS (Ancient city) ITALY |
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Laus
After Pyxus comes another gulf, and also Laus--a river and city; it is the last of the Leucanian cities, lying only a short distance above the sea, is a colony of the Sybaritae, and the distance thither from Ele is four hundred stadia. The whole voyage along the coast of Leucania is six hundred and fifty stadia. Near Laus is the hero-temple of Draco, one of the companions of Odysseus, in regard to which the following oracle was given out to the Italiotes: Much people will one day perish about Laian Draco. And the oracle came true, for, deceived by it, the peoples7 who made campaigns against Laus, that is, the Greek inhabitants of Italy, met disaster at the hands of the Leucani.
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| | LEUCANIA (Ancient country) ITALY |
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Leucania
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These, then, are the places on the Tyrrhenian seaboard that belong to the Leucani. As for the other sea, they could not reach it at first; in fact, the Greeks who held the Gulf of Tarentum were in control there. Before the Greeks came, however, the Leucani were as yet not even in existence, and the regions were occupied by the Chones and the Oenotri. But after the Samnitae had grown considerably in power, and had ejected the Chones and the Oenotri, and had settled a colony of Leucani in this portion of Italy, while at the same time the Greeks were holding possession of both seaboards as far as the Strait, the Greeks and the barbarians carried on war with one another for a long time. Then the tyrants of Sicily, and afterwards the Carthaginians, at one time at war with the Romans for the possession of Sicily and at another for the possession of Italy itself, maltreated all the peoples in this part of the world, but especially the Greeks.
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Later on, beginning from the time of the Trojan war, the Greeks had taken away from the earlier inhabitants much of the interior country also, and indeed had increased in power to such an extent that they called this part of Italy, together with Sicily, Magna Graecia. But today all parts of it, except Taras,9 Rhegium, and Neapolis, have become completely barbarized, and some parts have been taken and are held by the Leucani and the Brettii, and others by the Campani--that is, nominally by the Campani but in truth by the Romans, since the Campani themselves have become Romans.
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Leucani
The Leucani are Samnite in race, but upon mastering the Poseidoniatae and their allies in war they took possession of their cities. At all other times, it is true, their government was democratic, but in times of war they were wont to choose a king from those who held magisterial offices. But now they are Romans.
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