Listed 6 sub titles with search on: Biographies for wider area of: "BABYLON Ancient city MESSOPOTAMIA" .
BABYLON (Ancient city) MESSOPOTAMIA
Berosus, (Berosos). A Greek writer, born in Bithynia, and a
priest of Belus. He lived as early as the time of Alexander the Great, and about
B.C. 280 wrote a work, dedicated to King Antiochus Soter, on Babylonian history,
in three books (Babylonica or Chaldaica). The work must have been of great value,
as it was founded on ancient priestly chronicles preserved in the Temple of Belus
at Babylon. Its importance as an authority for the ancient history of Asia is
fully attested by the fragments that remain, in spite of their scanty number and
disordered arrangement. They are preserved for us chiefly in the works of Iosephus,
Eusebius , and Syncellus, and have been edited by W. Richter (Leipzig, 1825),
and by Muller in the second volume of the Historicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (of
the "Collection Didot"), published at Paris in 1848.
This text is from: Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Cited Dec 2002 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Berosus (Berosos or Berossros), a priest of Belus at Babylon, and an historian.
His name is usually considered to be the same as Bar or Ber Oseas, that is, son
of Oseas. (Scalig. Animadr. ad Euseb.) He was born in the reign of Alexander the
Great, and lived till that of Antiochus II. urnamed Theos (B. C. 261-246), in
whose reign he is said to have written his history of Babylonia. (Tatian, adv.
Gent. 58; Euseb. Praep. Evang. x.) Respecting the personal history of Berosus
scarcely anything is known; but he must have been a man of education and extensive
learning, and was well acquainted with the Greek language, which the conquests
of Alexander had diffused over a great part of Asia. Some writers have thought
that they can discover in the extant fragments of his work traces of the author's
ignorance of the Chaldee language, and thus have come to the conciusion, that
the history of Babylonia was the work of a Greek, who assumed the name of a celebrated
Babylonian. But this opinion is without any foundation at all. The fact that a
Babyloaian wrote the history of his own country in Greek cannot be surprising;
for, after the Greek language had commenced to be spoken in the East, a desire
appears to have sprung up in some learned persons to make the history of their
respective countries known to the Greeks: hence Menander of Tyre wrote the history
of Phoenicia, and Manetho that of Egypt. The historical work of Berosus fear of
offending the consisted of three books, and is sometimes called Babulonika, and
sometimes Chaldaika or historiai Chuldaikai. (Athen. xiv.; Clem. Alex. Strom.
i., Protrept. 19.) The work itself is lost, but we possess several fragments of
it, which are preserved in Josephus, Eusebius, Syncellus, and the Christian fathers,
who made great use of the work, for Berosus seems to have been acquainted with
the sacred books of the Jews, whence his statements often agree with those of
the Old Testatement. We know that Berosus also treated of the history of the neighboring
countries, such as Chaldaea and Media. (Agathias, ii. 24.) He himself states,
that he derived the materials for his work from the archives in the temple of
Belus, where chronicles were kept by the priests; but he appears to have used
and interpreted the early or mythical history, according to the views current
in his time. From the fragments extant we see that the work embraced the earliest
traditions about the human race, a description of Babylonia and its population,
and a chronological list of its kings down to the time of the great Cyrus. The
history of Assyria, Media, and even Armenia, seems to have been constantly kept
in view also. There is a marked difference, in many instances, between the statements
of Ctesias and those of Berosus; but it is erroneous to infer from this, as some
have done, that Berosus forged some of his statements. The difference appears
sufficiently accounted for by the circumstance, that Ctesias had recourse to Assyrian
and Persian sources, while Berosus followed the Babylonian, Chaldaean, and the
Jewish, which necessarily placed the same events in a different light, and may
frequently have differed in their substance altogether. The fragments of the Babylonica
are collected at the end of Scaliger's work de Emendatione Temporum, and more
complete in Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. xiv., &c., of the old edition. The best collection
is that by J. D. G. Richter. (Berosi Chald. Historiae quae supersunt; cum Comment.
de Berosi Vita, &c. Lips. 1825, 8vo.) Berosus is also mentioned as one of the
earliest writers on astronomy, astrology, and similar subjects; but what Pliny,
Vitruvius, and Seneca have preserved of him on these subjects does not give us
a high idea of his astronomical or mathematical knowledge. Pliny (vii. 37) relates,
that the Athenians erected a statue to him in a gymnasium, with a gilt tongue
to honour his extraordinary predictions; Vitrvius (ix. 4, x. 7, 9) attributes
to him the invention of a semicircular sun-dial (hemicyclium), and states that,
in his later years, he settled in the island of Cos, where he fouuded a school
of astrology. By the statement of Justin Martyr (Cohort. ad Graec. c. 39; comp.
Paus. x. 12.5; and Suidas, s. v. Sibulla), that the Babylonian Sibyl who gave
oracles at Cuma in the time of the Tarquins was a daughter of the historian Berosus,
some writers have been led to place the real Berosus at a much earlier date, and
to consider the history which bore his name as the forgery of a Greck. But there
is little or no reason for such an hypothesis, for Justin may have confounded
the wellknown historian with some earlier Babylonian of the name of Berosus; or,
what is more probable, the Sibyl whom he mentions is a recent one, and may really
have been the daughter of the historian. (Paus.l.c.) Other writers again have
been inclined to assume, that Berosus the historian was a different person from
the astrologer; but this opinion too is not supported by satisfactory evidence.
The work entitled Berosi Antiquitatum libri quinque cum Commenta(riis
Joannis Annii, which appeared at Rome in 1498, fol., and was afterwards often
reprinted and even translated into Italian, is one of the many fabrications of
Giovanni Nanni, a Dominican monk of Viterbo, better known under the name of Annius
of Viterbo, who died in 1502. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv.; Vossius, De Hist. Graec.,
ed. Westermann; and Richter's Introduction to his edition of the Fragments.)
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Sep 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Bagophanes. The commander of the citadel at Babylon, who surrendered it and all the royal treasures to Alexander after the battle of Guagamela, B. C. 331. (Curt. v. 1.)
Herodicus. Of Babylon, whose epigram, attacking the grammarians of the school of Aristarchus, is quoted by Athenaeus (v.), and is included in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii.; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii.) From the subject of this epigram it may be safely inferred that this Herodicus of Babylon was the same person as the grammarian Herodicus, whom Athenaeus (v.) calls the Crateteian (ho Krateteios), and who is quoted by the Scholiast on Homer (H. xiii. 29, xx. 53) as differing from Aristarchus. (Comp. Athen. v.) His time cannot be certainly fixed, but in all probability he was one of the immediate successors of (Crates of Mallus, and one of the chief supporters of the critical school of Crates against the followers of Aristarchus. He wrote a work on comedy, entitled Komoidoumena, after the example of the Tragoidoumena of Asclepiades Tragilensis. (Athen. xiii.; Harpocrat. s. v. Sinope; Schol. in Aristoph. Vesp. 1231, where the common reading Harmodios should be changed to Herodikos.) Athenaeus (viii.) also refers to his summikta hupomnemata, and in. another passage (v.) to his books Pros ton Philosokraten. (Ionsius, de Script. Hiet. Phil. ii. 13; Wolf, Proleg.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i.; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec.; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. xiii.; Vossius, de Hist. Graec., ed. Westermann. vi.)
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited Nov 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
Abdias, the pretended author of an Apocryphal book, entitled The History of the Apostolical contest. This work claims to halve been written in Hebrew, to have been translated into Greek by Eutropius, and thence into Latin by Julius Africanus. It was however originally written in Latin, about A. D. 910. It is printed in Fabricius, Codex Apocryphus Nori Test. p. 402. 8vo. Hamb. 1703. Abdias was called too the first Bishop of Babylon.
This text is from: A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 1873 (ed. William Smith). Cited April 2005 from The Perseus Project URL below, which contains interesting hyperlinks
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